Surfactants hand dishwashing

Abbreviations of prominent use properties of the various classes of commercial surfactants are shown in Table 1. Antimicrobial activity includes germicidal, bactericidal, and bacteriostatic effects emolliency describes lubrication or a soft feel imparted to skin by surfactants a hair conditioner is a substantive surfactant appHed from aqueous solution to impart a lubricating or antistatic effect and opacifters are used to thicken hand-dishwashing products and cosmetic preparations to convey an appearance of high concentration and to retard solvent drainage from foam. 

Handbook of Surfactants (Porter), 24 144 Hand creams, surfactants in, 24 158-159 Hand-dishwashing liquids, acute oral LD50 ranges, S 446t... 

Liquid detergents based on Pilot Calsoft, Cal suds and Calfoam surfactants produce safe, effective suds with excellent grease-cutting properties for hand dishwashing. Detergents containing Calamide C are especially mild to sensitive skin. 

Of the three main types of surfactants, the anionics are by far the most commercially important class, constituting, in particular, the major surfactant type represented in laundry and hand-dishwashing detergents. Among the anionics, linear sodium alky] benzene sul-fonaie (LAS), linear alkyl sulfates, and linear alkyl ethoxy sulfates are by far the most widely used compounds. (The industry convened voluntarily to linear alkyl chains in the mid-1960s to obtain improved biodegradabilily relative to the branched chain alkylates formerly used.)... 

Dishwasher surfactants must not generate a lot of foam because that can block the pipes within the machine, as you may have discovered when, having run out of dishwasher detergent, you have simply tried using some hand washing-up liquid instead. The surfactants in dishwash products are low-foam non-ionic ones such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates, especially those in which the hydrocarbon chain is 12-14 carbon atoms long. These produce almost no foam. 

Hand dishwashing Mixed oily and solid organic Moderate to vigorous High Organic surfactant... 

Shampoos are liquid detergents designed to clean hair and scalp. They bear some resemblance to hand dishwashing liquids in that they are essentially builder-free surfactant solutions. 

The primary cleaning ingredients in hand dishwashing liquids are surfactants. Surfactants are also responsible for providing the foaming, which is an important... 

Mechanical action is very important in hand dishwashing. When people wash dishes they actively rub the surface. This mixes the surfactants with the soils and accelerates the cleaning. It also physically removes the soil. 

Since 1993 an incredible wave of evolution has taken place in the hand dishwashing liquid market. New products not only include smarter surfactants... 

Unlike sodium LAS, alcohol ether sulfates are more tolerant to hardness ions and as a result do not require an accompanying high level of builder in the formulation. Figure 8.11 shows the relative insensitivity of AEOS to hardness ions. Small amounts of AEOS when added to LAS were found to improve the interfacial properties. They are more compatible with enzymes, which can also reduce the cost of enzyme stabilizers in the formulation. They are also milder to the skin and, as a result, are frequently used in hand dishwashing applications. The superior detergency performance of this surfactant is demonstrated by its superior efficacy in most stain categories. 

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