Noninvasive telemetry

Cardiovascular ECGs intervals durations, amplitudes, and morphology Surface electrodes using noninvasive telemetry in freely moving animals or conventional recordings in restrained animals Dog Hunter et al. 186 Tattersall et al. 187 Detweiller188... 

Cardiovascular profiling in vivo Implant telemetry Single (acute) dose Noninvasive telemetry integrated into toxicity studies Repeat (chronic) dose... 

Rs Dog Eunctional observational battery ICH S9 Minipig Monkey Mouse Noninvasive telemetry Rat Safety pharmacology endpoints... 

Activity of dogs (Yam et al. 2011) and monkeys (Maim et al. 2004 Papailiou et al. 2008) can be conveniently measured in their home enclosures using an accelerometer placed in a collar or as an integral part of a noninvasive telemetry system. Quantitative video tracking of group-housed cynomolgus monkeys can be achieved using differently coloured jackets (Rose et al. 2012). 

Recent technological advances enable measurement of respiratory parameters in dogs using a non-restraint, jacketed telemetry method. This technique is known as respiratory inductive plethysmography (Neumann et al. 1998) and involves the placement of flexible belts around the thorax and abdomen, enabling continuous measurement of respiratory parameters for up to 24 h (Murphy et al. 2010). This noninvasive telemetry technique also enables simultaneous measurement of cardiovascular parameters (Bailey et al. 2012) and can also be adapted to nonhuman primates (Soloviev et al. 2007 Kearney et al. 2011) making it an attractive proposition for inclusion in repeat-dose toxicity studies. 

Patients with NSTE ACS who are considered to be at low risk (based on TIMI risk score) should have serial biochemical markers obtained. If they are negative, the patient may be admitted to a general medical floor with ECG telemetry monitoring, undergo a noninvasive stress test, or may be discharged. 

The noninvasive measuranent of lead impedance was one of the earliest uses of measured pacemaker telemetry. Following the deployment of lithium iodide it soon became clear that the pacing lead was more likely to fail than the pulse generator. In fact, lead failure has been responsible for most of the serious recalls and advisories in the pacing industry in the past 30 years (7,36,37). Therefore, it should come as no surprise that lead impedance telemetry became a valuable diagnostic tool to help with the assessment of lead integrity (38,39). 

Gastric secretion is under the control of hormonal, neuronal, and calcium-sensing receptors, resulting in causing the parietal cells to secrete concentrated acid with pH close to 1. A variety of in vitro and in vivo techniques have been used to study gastric secretion, with emphasis on acid secretion, in isolated parietal cells, isolated whole stomach preparation, or the use of recent technology of noninvasive in vivo telemetry methods. 

Since 1960s, biomedical researchers have tried to use telemetry technology for collecting information such as organ temperature, blood flow, blood pressure, acceleration, EEG, EKG, etc from animals and human bodies in noninvasive method [90-93]. Such efforts have been accelerated with the invention of the integrated circuit that helped to minimize telemetry components and enabled bio-implantable devices. These days, the telemetry system is being more complicated and widely used in different neural prostheses such as artificial pacemakers, muscles stimulation, cochlear implants, and retinal prostheses. 

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