Non-soap

Greases may contain soaps of lithium, calcium, sodium, aluminium, etc., or they may be non-soap greases. 

Non-soap greases using finely divided solids as thickeners are useful as lubricants at elevated temperatures. Materials used include organO Clays such as dimethyldioctyl-decyl-ammonium bentonite (Bentone greases) or selected dyestuffs which produce brightly coloured greases. 

While there was a growing number of non-soap detergents that either were already commercialized (as for use in laundry applications) or else had viable commercial potential, it was decided early on to limit the compositional search space to compositions using sodium acyl isethionates (SAI) as the primary surfactant. This decision was based on an early assessment of a prototype bar containing SAI which had been described in a 1952 French patent for which Unilever had acquired the rights [9], This prototype bar, with composition as described in Table 9.2-2, was referred to as the Monsavon bar. 

Sulfonates include alkylbenzenesufonates (ABS), the most widely used of the non-soap surfactants short-chain alkylarenesuifonates lig-nosulfoliates napllialenesulfoliates cz-olefinsulfonales petroleum sulfonates sulfonates with ester, amide, and ether linkages and fatty acid ester sulfonates. 

Since 1977 several new thickener types have become widely used, including complex (sodium, lithium, calcium or aluminium), polyurea, modified clays, and other non-soap thickeners. To bring the picture up-to-date, Risdon carried out an evaluation in 1986 of three of the newer grease types not inciuded in the previous programme. They were lithium complex, aluminium complex and polyurea. They included one EP (extreme pressure) and one non-EP grease for each type of thickener, and all were of the same consistency grade, NLGI No 2. 

G. Sulfonierte Fette und Ole R huiles sulfates Sulfated natural fats and oils are the first non soap - surfactants commercially produced in the middle of the 19 century. 

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