Nomenclature, ions

IUPAC (1993) Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. Revised Nomenclature, Ions, Radical Ions, and Related Species, Pure Appl. Chem. 65, 1357 [1.2]. 

Protonated Anions. Ions such as HSOy are recommended to be named hydrogensulfate with the two words written as one following the usual practice for polyatomic anions. However, in the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979 edition, hydrogen is used as a separate word this practice is followed in this Handbook. 

Classification of P2 purinoceptors has been limited by a lack of potent, selective, and bioavailable antagonists. Nonetheless a rational scheme for P2 purinoceptor nomenclature divides P2 receptors into two superfamilies P2Y5 LGIC family having four subclasses and P2Y) a GPCR family having seven subclasses. A third receptor type, designated the P22) is a nonselective ion pore. 

Elemental composition, ionic charge, and oxidation state are the dominant considerations in inorganic nomenclature. Coimectivity, ie, which atoms are linked by bonds to which other atoms, has not generally been considered to be important, and indeed, in some types of compounds, such as cluster compounds, it caimot be appHed unambiguously. However, when it is necessary to indicate coimectivity, itaUcized symbols for the connected atoms are used, as in trioxodinitrate(A/,A/), O2N—NO . The nomenclature that has been presented appHes to isolated molecules (or ions). Eor substances in the soHd state, which may have more than one crystal stmcture, with individual connectivities, two devices are used. The name of a mineral that exemplifies a particular crystal stmcture, eg, mtile or perovskite, may be appended. Alternatively, the crystal stmcture symmetry, eg, rhombic or triclinic, may be cited, or the stmcture may be stated in a phrase, eg, face-centered cubic. 

A number of glossaries of terms and symbols used in the several branches of chemistry have been pubHshed. They include physical chemistry (102), physical—organic chemistry (103), and chemical terminology (other than nomenclature) treated in its entirety (104). lUPAC has also issued recommendations in the fields of analytical chemistry (105), coUoid and surface chemistry (106), ion exchange (107), and spectroscopy (108), among others. 

In 1981, the lUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature proposed that there be a set of trivial names for the important vitamin D compounds, including calciol [67-97-0] for vitaminD, calcidiol [19356-17-3] ion 25-hydroxy-vitaminD, and calcitriol [32222-06-3] ion 1 a,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D. This nomenclature has met with varying degrees of acceptance, as has the proposal to use calcine [69662-75-5] (deoxy-vitamin D2) and ercalcine [68323-40-0] (deoxy-vitamin D ) to name the triene hydrocarbon stmcture for 9,10-j (9-cholesta-5,7,10(19)-ttiene and... 

Quinolizinium iodide, 3,4-dihydro-dehydrogenation, 2, 547 Quinolizinium iodide, 2-methylthio-synthesis, 2, 544 Quinolizinium ions, 2, 525-578 aza analogues, 2, 525-578 charge transfer bands, 2, 527 MO calculations, 2, 527 nomenclature, 2, 526 structure, 2, 3 UV spectra, 2, 19, 526-527 Quinolizinium ions, hydroxydihydro-reactions, 2, 549... 

As noted above, amorphous earbon films ean be produeed from earbon-eontaining gas phases (physieal vapour deposition, PVD). They ean also be produced from hydroearbon-eontaining gases (ehemical vapour deposition, CVD). Both PVD and CVD proeesses ean be thermally-aetivated or ean be plasma- and/or eleetrie field-assisted proeesses (e.g., mierowave assisted CVD and ion beam deposition). As a eonsequence a wide range of processes have been developed to form amorphous carbon films and a correspondingly complex nomenclature has evolved [70, 71]. 

Ligand A molecule or anion bonded to the central metal in a complex ion, 409 characterization, 411-412 nomenclature, 648-649 Light, 159q absorption, 421 particle nature of, 135-136 wave nature of, 133-135 Limiting reactant The least abundant... 

Organic Polymers, Natural and Synthetic 610 Appendix 1 Units, Constants, and Reference Data 635 Appendix 2 Properties of the Elements 641 Appendix 3 Exponents and Logarithms 643 Appendix 4 Nomenclature of Complex Ions 648 Appendix 5 Molecular Orbitals 650... 

Nomenclature of complex ions and organic compounds. We believe that this material is of little value in a beginning course. The students promptly forget how to name a complex ion, because they have litde chance to use the rules. The naming of organic compounds seems better left to a course in organic chemistry. 

A 0.2 mol L"1 LiCl/THF solution possesses only very low conductivity of 1.6xl0"6 Scm"1. Addition of N(CH2 CH2NR2)3(R = CF3S02 short nomenclature M6R) yields an increase in conductivity by three orders of magnitude to 1.7 x 10 3 S cm"1. This approach is seemingly especially useful for battery electrolytes, because the transference number of the lithium ion is increased. Conceptually this approach is similar to the use of lith-... 

In this book we use the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1979 Edition ( Blue book , IUPAC, 1979), the Revised Nomenclature for Radicals, Ions, Radical Ions, and Related Species (IUPAC, 1993), and additional rules applied by the Chemical Abstracts Service for the 1987-1991 Index Guide Chemical Abstracts, 1992). 

Compounds containing the neutral (formally zwitterionic) group =N2 attached by one atom to carbon are named by adding the prefix diazo- to the name of the parent compound (Rule 931.4), e.g., diazomethane, ethyl diazoacetate. Diazo is a so-called characteristic group appearing only as a prefix in substitutive nomenclature. Chemical Abstracts and Beilstein indexing of diazo compounds is analogous to that mentioned above for diazonium ions and salts, but Diazo compounds is not... 

The radical and the anion, R-N2 and R-N2, derived (formally) from a diazonium ion by addition of one and two electrons respectively, are named as diazenyl ( radical at the end is not necessary ) and diazenide (IUPAC, 1993). The radical derived formally from a diazoalkane by addition of a hydrogen atom (R=N-NH) is named diazanyl . In order to be consistent with the nomenclature of diazonium ions, the name of the parent compound should precede the words mentioned, e. g., benzenediazenyl for C6H5 - NJ (the term phenyldiazenyl radical is, however, used by Chemical Abstracts). 

Ammonia and its inorganic and organic derivatives (HNR R2) couple readily with arenediazonium ions to give triazenes (Ar — N2—NR R2). Originally these compounds were called diazoamino compounds. Nowadays IUPAC nomenclature (IUPAC, 1979, Rule 942.2) recommends that the prefix diazoamino should be used only for compounds with the same organic residue at each end of the — N2 —NH — group. 

The replacement of an electrofugic atom or group at a nucleophilic carbon atom by a diazonium ion is called an azo coupling reaction. By far the most important type of such reactions is that with aromatic coupling components, which was discovered by Griess in 1861 (see Sec. 1.1). It is a typical electrophilic aromatic substitution, called an arylazo-de-hydrogenation in the systematic IUPAC nomenclature (IUPAC 1989c, see Sec. 1.2). 

Some older systems of nomenclature are still in use. For example, some cations were once denoted by the endings -ous and -ic for the ions with lower and higher charges, respectively. To make matters worse, these endings were in some cases added to the Latin form of the element s name. Thus, iron(II) ions were called ferrous ions and iron(III) ions were called ferric ions (see Appendix 3C). We do not use this system in this text, but you will sometimes come across it and should be aware of it. 

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