Nomenclature ammonium ions

This distinction between the two types of carbocations was championed by Olah, and is consistent with other nomenclature. Just as hydronium and ammonium ions represent pro-tonated forms of water and ammonia, carbonium ions can be considered to contain proton-ated forms of methane and other typical, tetravalent carbon compounds. Likewise, carbe-niumions can be thought of as protonated carbenes ( CH2 + givesCHs ), consistent with... 

A small number of relatively common acids and ions do not fit within our nomenclature system. Follow the advice of your instructor as to whether none, some, or all of these should be committed to memory. We recommend that, at a minimum, you make the ammonium ion and the hydroxide ion part of your chemical vocabulary, as specified in Goal 7. 

Many organic chemists, and indeed the previous versions of this book, use the term carbonium ion for species of this kind. However, there is well-established usage of the -onium suffix, for ammonium, oxonium, chloronium, and so on, to denote positively charged atoms with filled valence shells. In the interest of greater uniformity of nomenclature we shall use carbocation for carbon positive ions that have unfilled valence shells (6 electrons). 

All such acids may also be given structure-based systematic names using principles already described in preceding chapters on substitutive and additive nomenclature, so in that respect the acid -containing names are superfluous. Furthermore, many species which would be classified as acids based on their chemical properties are never named as such, e.g. aqua ions such as hexaaquaaluminium(3+), and hydrides and derivatives such as ammonium, hydrogen sulfide (sulfane), etc. The term acid is thus not used consistently. 

The nomenclature of onium ions derives from positively charged hypervalent ions such as ammonium (NH4 ) and hydroniwm (H3O+). 

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