Complex ions nomenclature

Ligand A molecule or anion bonded to the central metal in a complex ion, 409 characterization, 411-412 nomenclature, 648-649 Light, 159q absorption, 421 particle nature of, 135-136 wave nature of, 133-135 Limiting reactant The least abundant... 

Organic Polymers, Natural and Synthetic 610 Appendix 1 Units, Constants, and Reference Data 635 Appendix 2 Properties of the Elements 641 Appendix 3 Exponents and Logarithms 643 Appendix 4 Nomenclature of Complex Ions 648 Appendix 5 Molecular Orbitals 650... 

Nomenclature of complex ions and organic compounds. We believe that this material is of little value in a beginning course. The students promptly forget how to name a complex ion, because they have litde chance to use the rules. The naming of organic compounds seems better left to a course in organic chemistry. 

In the typical nomenclature for DENs, the dendrimer is designated by Gx-R where x is the dendrimer generation and R is the surface group (typically -OH or -NH2, see Fig. 7.1). The stoichiometry between the dendrimer and complexed ions or reduced encapsulated nanoparticles is denoted in parentheses after the dendrimer description, e.g. (M )n or (M ). For bimetallic DENs, the metahmetal stoichiometry is typically included, e.g. G5-OH (PtigAuig). 

Complexes and complex ions are named and written according to lUPAC rules -the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry is the world authority on chemical nomenclature. 

Most of the rules for chemical nomenclature are discussed in this chapter The approved system for naming complex ions is given on page 391, and that for naming ortho, meta, and pyro compounds on page 420. 

There are two topics that are somewhat related to the material in this chapter. One of them is frequently referred to in questions, while the second only rarely pops up. The first deals with the colors of various substances at least one multiple-choice question usually refers to it. The second topic is the formation of complexes, like the ones mentioned in the previous section, but it goes a bit beyond the subject as it is addressed here. Occasionally a question about the nomenclature of complex ions appears, so we ll address that here (for lack of a better place to put it). 

Complex ions combine with cations or anions to form coordination complexes. These complex ions usually consist of a transition metal ion attached to ligands. You should be familiar with the basic nomenclature for coordination complexes. 

The formulae and names adopted for complex ions and compounds follow the main recommendations in Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, 1959, issued by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and in Handbook for Chemical Society Authors, 1960 which has much other useful information. Those referring to mononucl< ar complexes have been summarised. 

Hence, for example, in the complex ion hexamminecobalt(III), [Co (NH3)6] + (Werner s luteocobaltic complex), the central nucleus is the cobalt atom and the ammoniac molecules are the ligands. We can already notice that in the formula of a complex, the complex is written between brackets (for details about the writing and nomenclature of complexes, see Sect. 22.4). 

The nomenclature of compounds containing complex ions is more involved than that of the simple inorganic compounds considered in earlier chapters. We will see first how complex ions are named and then look at the nomenclature of coordination compounds. 

As noted above, amorphous earbon films ean be produeed from earbon-eontaining gas phases (physieal vapour deposition, PVD). They ean also be produced from hydroearbon-eontaining gases (ehemical vapour deposition, CVD). Both PVD and CVD proeesses ean be thermally-aetivated or ean be plasma- and/or eleetrie field-assisted proeesses (e.g., mierowave assisted CVD and ion beam deposition). As a eonsequence a wide range of processes have been developed to form amorphous carbon films and a correspondingly complex nomenclature has evolved [70, 71]. 

During the study of inorganic chemistry, the structures for a large number of molecules and ions will be encountered. Try to visualize the structures and think of them in terms of their symmetry. In that way, when you see that Pt2+ is found in the complex PtCl42 in an environment described as D4h, you will know immediately what the structure of the complex is. This "shorthand" nomenclature is used to convey precise structural information in an efficient manner. Table 5.1 shows many common structural types for molecules along with the symmetry elements and point groups of those structures. 

The sections are divided by the coordination number of the reacting ion defined as the number of donor atoms that interact with the metal. The nomenclature used for the ligands is L for neutral molecules that act as ligands and X for anions that act as ligands. Most of the examples in this section will involve cations [ML ]+ or [MX ]+, but there will be a short section on bare metal anions, M . The anions of more complexity than M will be discussed in Section IV on clusters. Many reactions produce an initial product that continues to react resulting in further coordi-native changes and possibly redox changes. Tables I and II will indicate the initial reaction product and other major reaction products. 

---