Nodular reaction

To increase immunogenicity, the hepatitis A vaccines commercially available are coupled to adjuvant aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide. However, alum precipitates provoke inflammatory responses at the injection site. Immunostimulating reconstituted influenza virosomes have therefore been used as an alternative adjuvant. In 1994, a hepatitis A vaccine using the new adjuvant was licensed in Switzerland, and it was later approved for use in other countries the vaccine was well tolerated and highly immunogenic (SEDA-20,290) (SEDA-22,344). Nine people with a history of ocular sensitivity were immunized with hepatitis B, without untoward reactions. However, this result in such a small series should not be overestimated (75). There have been reports of three cases of inflammatory nodular reactions after hepatitis B immunization aluminium allergy was confirmed (76-78). 

Cosnes A, Flechet ML, Revuz J. Inflammatory nodular reactions after hepatitis B vaccination due to aluminium sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 1990 23(2) 65-7. 

Diethylcarbama2iae has limited antimicrofilarial activity against Onchocerca volvulus. Adults of W. bancrofti the filarial worm causiag elephantiasis, coil in the lymph system. Here females can attain a length of 10 cm. Over the years, tissue reactions result in obstmction to lymph return. Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and the spleen become enlarged. The condition of elephantiasis is a late and unusual complication of filariasis, where the lower extremities of the body become edematous, enlarge, and over a period of time harden with a rough nodular skin. 

In the composition range where the nodular morphology was shown, because the matrix (PEI phase) contained relatively small amount of epoxy, the temperature effect on the viscosity was larger than the reaction effect. Thus, the viscosity of the PEI matrix in the nodular morphology became reduced as the cure temperature was increased, which made epoxy nodules coalesce more easily with each other. As the cure temperature is increased, the viscosity of the PEI-rich matrix decreases from 210 Pa.s at 150°C to 50 Pa.s at 190°C. 

In the mold addition process, a granular form of the alloy is placed in a small reaction chamber in the mold. The nodularizalion treatment occurs in the mold when the iron is cast, rather than in the ladle. The reaction is contained in the mold, and high recoveries result. The production of nodular iron castings is over three million tons per year. 

Shah P, Griffith SM, Shadforth MF, Fisher , Dawes PT, Poulton KV, Thomson W, Ollier WE, Mattey DL Can gold therapy be used more safely In rheumatoid arthritis Adverse drug reactions are more likely In patients with nodular disease, independent of HLA-DR3 status. Rheumatol 2004 31 1903-5. 

In run 31-1, an apparently desirable coating was obtained at the ends of the reaction zone while the central portion of the filament was quite nodular. In Run 31-1 the peak current was 6.2 ma., falling to about 1.8 ma. at the end of the run. During this time the peak voltage changed from 12,480 volts to about 15,780 volts. 

Cobalt is an essential element. Its deficiency can result in pernicious anemia. It is present in vitamin B12. Excessive intake of this element may result in polycythemia or overproduction of erythrocytes and heart lesions. Exposure to its dusts can produce cough and respiratory irritation. Chronic inhalation of its dusts or fumes can decrease pulmonary functions and may cause diffuse nodular fibrosis and other pulmonary diseases. Skin contact may induce dermal hypersensitivity reactions, producing an allergy-type dermatitis. 

Noy, A., Verma, R., Glenn, M. et al. (2001) Clonotypic polymerase chain reaction confirms minimal residual disease in CLL nodular PR results from a sequential treatment CLL protocol. Blood, 97, 1929-1936. 

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