Nobel prize citations

It is remarkable that Partington s biography [1589e] of Haber makes no mention of his contributions to chemical warfare nor does his Nobel prize citation. 

The Nobel prize citation of Hans Bethe (1967) who solved this problem, noted that this concerns an old riddle. How has it been possible for the sun to emit light and heat without exhausting its source not only during the thousands of... 

Note, however, that the 1999 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to A. Zewail for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy (Academy s citation, October 12,... 

A perusal of current biochemistry texts suggests that the use of the squiggle has largely died out, but the concept of a group potential and the importance of these phosphate anhydride bonds in energy storage and transfer is universally accepted. Lipmann shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1953 with Hans Krebs of the Krebs (citric acid) cycle. His Nobel citation read in part,... 

Cech won the Nobel prize for his work. The awarding citation alludes to the impact of Cech s work on origin-of-life studies. Cech himself however, rarely mentions the origin of life in connection with his work. 

In 1963 R. B. Merrifield published his seminal paper on the possibility of peptide synthesis on a solid, polymeric support [1], On the basis of this work, which helped its author to get the Nobel Prize in 1984, the field of chemical synthesis of biopolymers was developed and has been an area of great interest since then. It is therefore not surprising that the annual number of citations of this publication ( in Fig. 1, up to Autumn 1997 3511 in total ) increased rapidly between 1975 and 1990 and has now stayed at a very high level with only a slight tendency to fall. 

Of all the methods that we will discuss in this book, quantum mechamcs is probably the most widely used and the most extensively developed. The importance of the subject can be gauged in many ways, from citation counts to the number of Nobel prizes awarded. The systems studied using quantum mechanics range from the simplest molecular species (e.g., HD+, H3) to some very large and complex molecules (e.g. DNA, proteins and... 

The citation for John A. Pople s (1925-2004) Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1998 stated, for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry. It was a shared prize the other recipient was Walter Kohn whose citation read for his development of the density-functional theory. The two together are shown in Fig. 1.15. 

Using the Science Citation Index (see Section 29.14), list five research papers by complete title and journal citation for each of the following chemists who have been awarded the Nobel Prize. Use the Five-Year Cumulative Source Index for the years 1980-1984 as your source. 

A sense of the growth in importance of the Diels-Alder reaction is gained by looking at the Cumulative Indexes of Chemical Abstract. Only two entries were listed under the name Diels-Alder reaction in the ten-year period from 1927 to 1936, whereas such entries had increased to 180 by the decade spanning 1947 to 1956, during which time Diels and Alder shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In the five-year period from 1987 to 1991, a total of about 2400 entries appeared under this heading, and the number of citations presently exceeds 800 per year. 

The newly added list of Nobel Prize winners in chemistry is complete to 2005. Each entry includes the award citation as well as the nationality and dates of birth and death of the winners. 

The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction is perhaps one of the most well-known coupling protocols developed to date. A seareh of the literature reveals over 15000 citations to work employing this eoupling protocol that was first developed in 1979 and for whieh Akira Suzuki shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2010. The two seminal papers in 1979 co-authored by Suzuki and Miyaura deseribe the eross-eoupling of vinyl boronic acids with vinyl bromides (Scheme 13.1) or aryl halides (Scheme 13.2), employing 1 mol.% tetrakis(triphenylphosphene)palladium and a base such as sodium ethoxide. The stereoselectivity of the reactions was excellent with >99% retention of double bond geometry. The evolution of the various Suzuki coupling partners is shown in Scheme 13.3. 

The 1999 Nobel Prize in (Zhemistry was awarded to Zewail for pioneering the field of femtochemistry. In its citation for the award the Nobel committee noted that in our quest for ever faster probes, "we have reached the end of the road no chemical reactions take place faster than this."... 

Lipscomb authored two books, both published by W.A. Benjamin Inc. (New York). The first (1963) was entitled Boron Hydrides. The second (1969), co-authored with G. Eaton, was on NMR Studies of Boron Hydrides and Related Compounds. He published over 650 scientific papers between 1942 and 2009. His citation for the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1976, for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding , echoes that of his mentor Linus Pauling in 1954, for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances . It is for his work on the structure of boron hydrides that Lipscomb is most widely known. 

Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905 to Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer "in recognition of his. .. work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds." This partial quotation as well as the analogous ones in later references and text are taken from the citation synopses of the Nobel Foundation and are used with the permission of the Nobel Foundatioa Baeyer, A. Ber. Dtsch. Ghem. Ges. 1878,11, 1296-1297. 

Nevertheless, although computational quantum chemistry comprised and continues to comprise only a small part of chemistry, it has grown in influence and utility, as was recognized explicitly in the award in 1998 of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry to Kohn and Pople. It is the citation for Pople that is of particular relevance here ... 

The stereoselective reduction of alkenes is a powerful synthetic transformation that has witnessed impressive advances in the field. Although multiple chemical methods are available [10-13], none has reached a level of importance and versatility equal to that of catalytic hydrogenations with transition metal catalysts [14-23]. An early pioneer in the field of hydrogenation was Paul Sabatier, whose citation for the 1912 Nobel prize in chemistry reads ... 

Although Sakliarov won the 1975 Nobel Peace Prize, and was the only Sordet ever to win it, he was barred from leaving Russia to receive it. The Nobel Committee s official citation praised Sakharov for his fearless personal commitment in upholding the fundamental principles for peace Uncompromisingly... 

The citation honored Richard Kuhn s work on carotenoids and vitamins. Like other German Nobel laureates in that era, he was forced by the National Socialist regime to decline the prize, but, after the war, the Nobel Committee ruled the refusal null and void, and the honors were conferred. 

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