Nitroglycerin powders -> double base propellants

Centralite I, II and III are used as -> Stabilizers in gunpowders, especially in nitroglycerine powders (- Double Base Propellants). It is insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. 

The choice of material for use as inhibitor depends mainly upon the type of propellant, that is, DB, CMDB, Composite and Fuel-rich and also on the ingredients in their formulations. For double-base propellants, cellulosic materials such a cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose and different filled or unfilled flexible polyesters are used while fuel or binder material filled with inert substances such as asbestos, mica, silica, etc. in fine powder form is used for composite propellants. Since nitroglycerine is present in CMDB propellants also as in DB propellants, the materials used for DB propellants may also be used with minor modifications for the inhibition of CMDB propellants. 

The same author [27] gives some data on a propellant which is intermediate between composite and double base propellants. It is composed of ammonium perchlorate and a nitroglycerine-nitrocellulose powder (double base powder). 

Diglycol dinitrate was used extensively in the Second World War by the German side as one of the main components of -> Double Base Propellants. The explosion heat of diglycol in powder form can be kept lower than the heats of the corresponding nitroglycerine powders they represented the first step towards the so-called cold powders. Diglycol dinitrate and triglycol dinitrate are also employed as rocket propellants. 

Uses In gelatinized form as the basis of all propellants either alone, particularly for cannon powder, or in mixture with guncotton in the small er-caliber guns (See Smokeless Powder), or in mixtnre with nitroglycerine in double-base powders (See),... 

Nitroglycerine is one of the most important and most frequently used components of explosive materials together with nitroglycol, it is the major component of gelatinous industrial explosives. In combination with nitrocellulose and stabilizers, it is the principal component of powders, gun propellants and smokeless solid rocket propellants (- double base propellants). 

Nitramine (RDX or HMX) oxidizer Homogeneous colloidal propellant consisting of nitrocellulose dissolved in plasticizer comprised of nitroglycerine and inert materials PVC-composite or double-base propellant in which polymer is dissolved in plasticizier Double base propellant containing dispersed phase of finely ground oxidizer and (usually) powdered fuel additive... 

Double-base propellant containing A1 powder with components (mass fraction %) nitrocellulose 51%, nitroglycerine 27%, DINA (diethanol-nitramine dinitrate) 13%, A1 powder 5%, Centralite II1% and others. 

Single base" smokeless powder, developed mainly in the United States, uses only nitrocellulose. "Double base" smokeless powder, developed in Europe, is a blend of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. "Cordite," a British development, consists of 65% NC, 30% NG, and 5% mineral jelly. The mineral jelly (a hydrocarbon material) functions as a coolant and produces substantial amounts of CO 2, CO, and H 2O gas to improve the propellant characteristics. "Triple base" smokeless powder, containing nitroguanidine as a third component with nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose is also manufactured. 

High explosives may be class d according to their physical properties as powdery, meltable, semi-meltable and plastic. Propellants may be grouped on the basis of chemical composition into gun powder and similar mixtures, nitrocellulose (single base) and nitroglycerine (double base) powders, With respect to their uses and some properties they are divided into black powder, smokeless and flashless powders, and rocket propellants. 

This term denotes propellants containing two main components nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine or other liquid nitrate esters. Double base powders are important solid rocket propellants. 

If the use of solvents is required in the production process of double and triple base propellants, the nitroglycerine can be introduced in the mixtures in the form of a master mix , a gelatinized mixture consisting of 85% nitroglycerine and 15% alcohol-wet nitrocellulose of the same type as the prescribed powder component. 

Composition Compound propellants containing nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine (15—40 per cent) as principal constituents. Some double-base powders also contain small percentages of potassium or barium nitrate, which salts serve the purpose of reducing flash and rendering the powder more ignitible. 

It is well known that diphenylainine (OPA) is too basic as a stabiii er of nitroglycerine and DEGDN (diethylene glycol dinitratc) containing powder. To reduce the basicity of DPA, 2 nitrodiphenylamine (2-NDHA) was introduced into propellants, particularly double base powders, as a successful stabili/.er. 

Propellant residues from discharged single base (nitrocellulose) and double base (nitrocellulose/nitroglycerin) smokeless powders were examined by LC [118]. Five analytes were identified and separated (2,4-dinitrotoluene, -nitrosodiphenylamine... 

Double base powder Propellant in which the main ingredients are guncotton and nitroglycerin. 

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