Nitrogenous compounds toxic

WIELAND, HEINRICH O. (1877-1957). A German chemist who won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1927. His research included work on bile acids, organic radicals, nitrogen compounds, toxic substances, and chemical oxidation, as well as the discovery of the structure of cholesterol. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Munich. 

It is a toxic colourless gas which is dangerously explosive in the gaseous, liquid and solid states [1]. It is produced dining electrolysis of nitrogenous compounds in hydrogen fluoride [2], Later work (perhaps with purer material ) did not show the explosive instability [3], The shock-sensitivity is confirmed [4],... 

Perry, C.M. and Smith, S.B. Toxicity of six heterocyclic nitrogen compounds to Daphnla pulex. Bull. Environ. Contam. 7bA3 co/.,41(4) 604-608, 1988. 

Silver is not toxic as a free, elemental metal, but many of its compounds, particularly its nitrogen compounds, are toxic. 

Certain nitrogen-containing toxic compounds found In seeds are completely degraded during germination (18). Other examples of alkaloid turnover are given In Robinson (19) and Dlgenls (20). 

Lactosylurea. Lactosylurea is formed under acid conditions from lactose and urea (McAllan et al 1975) conversion of 75% of the lactose was achieved. Widell (1979) described a method for its preparation from whey and urea intended for feeding to ruminants. Ruminants can utilize nonprotein nitrogen compounds for protein synthesis, but urea itself can cause difficulties through too rapid decomposition to ammonia by the rumen enzymes. Lactosylurea appears to meet the requirements for satisfactory palatability, controlled nonprotein nitrogen release, and low toxicity. 

Sequestration of plant natural products by herbivorous insects is widespread. This is not surprising, since most insects are herbivorous and it is estimated that there are between two and six million species. While these sequestrators obviously exploit their alkaloid-rich host plants, such specialists represent a very minor component of the total herbivorous population. In essence, these nitrogenous compounds are highly effective deterrents for most of the herbivorous species with which they share their world. On the other hand, a brief discussion of some of the alkaloids and their specialist herbivores illustrates the versatiliity of these insects as exploiters of toxic compounds This alkaloidal treatment has been derived from the tables of Brown and Trigo10 and emphasizes... 

Atta-ur-Rahman and Choudhary, M. I. 1996. Toxic alkaloids and other nitrogenous compounds from marine plants. In Blum, M.S., (Ed.), Chemistry and Toxicology of Diverse Classes of Alkaloids. Alaken Inc., Fort Collins, CO, 121-143... 

Emissions from gasoline and diesel engines are commonly classified into three categories volatile organic compounds, toxics and nitrogen oxides. The composition of exhaust gas from a vehicle is dependent on its fuel properties and the vehicle s emission control technology. Table 4.1 summarizes the primary fuel properties of interest and their qualitative effects on emissions. 

PROP Compounds of the form C—N=0 or N—N=0. Organic nitrogen compounds. SAFETY PROFILE UsuaUy highly toxic carcinogens, teratogens, and mutagens by almost all routes of exposure. Some of these... 

Most of the chemicals used in fire-retardant formulations have a long history of use for this purpose, and most formulations are based on empirical investigations for best overall performance. These chemicals include the phosphates, some nitrogen compounds, some borates, silicates, and more recently, amino-resins. These compounds reduce the flame spread of wood but have diverse effects on strength, hygroscopicity, durability, machinability, toxicity, gluability, and paintability (J, 12, 13). 

Effects similar to those seen on acute exposure are also seen chronically. In addition, if the compound is converted to nitrogen dioxide or nitrogen tetraoxide, toxicities associated with these compounds can also be observed. 

Hazard A toxic chlorinated nitrogenous compound used as an insecticide. When mixed with Prolan, the product is called Dilan. 

The large intestine extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus. It is wider than the small intestine except for the descending colon, which when empty may have the same diameter as the small intestine. Major functions of the colon are absorption of water, Na+, and other electrolytes, as well as temporary storage of excreta followed by their elimination. The colon harbors large numbers of mostly anaerobic bacteria that can cause disease if they invade tissues. These bacteria metabolize carbohydrates to lactate, short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), and gases (CO2, CH4, and H2). Ammonia, a toxic waste product, is produced from urea and other nitrogenous compounds. Other toxic substances are also produced in the colon. Ammonia and amines (aromatic or aliphatic) are absorbed and transported to the liver via the portal blood, where the former is converted to urea (Chapter 17) and the latter is detoxified. The liver thus protects the rest of the body from toxic substances produced in the colon. Colonic bacteria can also be a source of certain vitamins (e.g., vitamin K, Chapter 36). 

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