Nitrogen manures

The production of ammonium sulphate is increasing rapidly in order to meet the increasing demand for nitrogenous manures, The following figures refer to Great Britain —... 

Uses of Calcium Cyanamide.—I his body is mainly used as a nitrogenous manure- When placed in the soil under suitable conditions its nitrogen is set free in the form of ammonia by means of bacteria. The end results can 1 >< expressed by the equation —... 

DRY WEIGHT OF Atropa belladonna after nitrogen manuring (17)... 

A possible reason for these variations emerges from the work of Salgues (138) who found that the response to nitrogen manuring was much affected by the nature of the soil concerned. 

In a considerable number of experiments carried out with Atropa belladonna on heavy clay soils near Oxford, increases both of assay and of total alkaloid per plant have been consistently observed following nitrogen manuring (17, 32, 33). On field plots dressed with ammonium sulfate at the rate of one and one-half cwt. per acre, the mean assay rose from 0.44% to 0.48% and in pot cultures with impoverished soils from 0.21% to 0.30% (means of 10). The total alkaloid per plant increased from 17 mg. to 60 mg. Similar increases were found to occur in all parts of the plant and with various sources of nitrogen. 

The three most important constituents of FYM are nitrogen, phosphate and potash. Additionally, there are the bulky organic parts derived mainly from the straw and the part of the food that has resisted digestion. Granstedt (2002) showed that the majority of the N (about 90%) in farmyard manure served to maintain the soil humus store and the long term capacity to supply nutrients. 

The escape of liquid manure and urine which contains a high proportion of the soluble nitrogen and the potassium. 

The answer to the absence of fast-acting nitrogen fertilisers, with arable crops and grassland, has been threefold first, to make much greater use of farmyard manure, and to make sure that it is properly stored and not allowed either to be washed down the drains or to volatilise into the air second, to make much greater use of the legume for its power of nitrogen fixation, particularly white and red clover... 

The fact that Germany depended on imported fertilizer more than any other country gave it a special stake in the problem, too. The industrialization of Germany s sugar beet and potato farms was intimately linked to its use of natural fertilizer, especially nitrogen compounds from marine bird manure imported from Peru, Chile, and Bolivia. Yet experts predicted that Europe would exhaust South America s guano in 30 years. 

The emission of N20 from manure occurs directly by both nitrification and denitrification of nitrogen contained in the manure. This emission mainly depends on the N and C content of the manure during various types storage and treatment. The nitrification process strictly needs oxygen, while subsequent denitrification is an anaerobic process. 

Thorup-Kristensen, K, Magid, J and Jensen, L S (2003) Catch crops and green manures as biological tools in nitrogen management in temperate zones , Advances in Agronomy, 79, 227-302. 

Bogaard, A., Heaton, T. H. E., Poulton P. and Merbach, I. (2007) The impact of manuring on nitrogen isotope ratios in cereals archaeological implications for reconstruction of diet and crop management practices. Journal of Archaeological Science 34, 335 343. 

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