Nitro explosives trinitrobenzene

Nitrogen-explosive compounds usually analysed by CL may be classified under three structural categories (i) nitroaromatic compounds, (ii) nitrate esters and (iii) nitramines. Examples of nitro-substituted hydrocarbons are nitromethane, trinitrobenzene (TNB), trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pentantiroaniline. Nitroglycerine (NG), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) are nitrate esters [5], The nitro-explosive compounds that are the result of the presence of nitro and nitrate groups can... 

Agrawal and co-workers prepared some energetic explosives containing nitrate ester, nitramine and aromatic C-nitro functionality within the same molecule and studied their thermal and explosive properties l-(2-nitroxyethylnitramino)-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene... 

In a similar manner, of the isomeric trinitrobenzenes, only the symmetrical 1,3,5-isomer shows sufficient chemical stability for use as an explosive. Even so, the aromatic ring of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is highly electron deficient and reaction with alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates in aqueous boiling methanol yields 3,5-dinitroanisole. Unsymmetrical isomers of trinitrobenzene are much more reactive than the 1,3,5-isomer, with only relatively mild conditions needed to effect the displacement of their nitro groups. ... 

Some nitro derivatives of benzofurazan have been investigated for their explosive properties. 4-Amino-5,7-dinitrobenzofurazan (56) has been prepared by a number of routes including (1) the thermally induced cyclodehydration of l,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (55), (2) the nitration of 4-amino-7-nitrobenzofurazan and (3) the reduction of 4-amino-5,7-dinitrobenzofuroxan with triphenylphoshine. The isomeric 5-amino-4,7-dinitrobenzofurazan (57) has been prepared along similar routes. ... 

Laval and Vignane reported the synthesis of the nitrotriazole (124) from the reaction of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole with 3,5-diamino-l-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. The nitrotriazole (124) is a useful secondary high explosive, exhibiting high performance and a low sensitivity to impact. 

Introduction of Amino Groups The introduction of an amino (-NH2) group (in ortho position) into a benzene ring already having a nitro (-N02) group is one of the simplest and oldest approaches to enhance thermal stability of explosives [35-37]. This is evident from the study of the effect of introduction of amino groups in trinitrobenzene (TNB) [Structure (2.18)] to form monoamino-2,4,6-... 

Kinetics of thermal decomposition of explosives 3-amino-5-nitro-l,2,4-triazole (ANTA) and its derivatives [38], l,3-bis(l,2,4-triazol-3-amino)-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene [39] and transition metal salts of NTO [40]. 

Of the hydrocarbons toluene is the only one which nitrates sufficiently easily and yields a product which has the proper physical and explosive properties. Trinitrotoluene is the most widely used of the pure aromatic nitro compounds. It melts at such temperature that it can be loaded by pouring. It is easily and surely detonated, and is insensitive to shock, though not insensitive enough to penetrate armor-plate without exploding until afterwards. It is powerful and brisant, but less so than trinitrobenzene which would offer certain advantages if it could be procured in sufficient quantity. 

The role of radical anions in the detonation of nitroaromatic explosives has been examined.215 The potassium salts of such radicals were formed by mono-, di-, and trinitrobenzene s and -toluenes in liquid ammonia solution and, on removal of the solvent, render the material highly susceptible to loss of the metal nitrite, which increases with nitro substitution. Cleavage of the C—NO2 M+ bond follows the regioconserved or... 

Dangerous many of these compounds are highly flammable and some are explosive, especially those with more than one nitro group on the ring (polynitroaryls, such as trinitrobenzene, trinitrotoluene, tetranitro-N-methylaniline, trinitrophenol). The presence of alkali increases the thermal... 

Although it is a triamine, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine is discussed here because of its plethora of nitro substituents. There are three very different measurements, —154, — 140.0 and —74.7 3.0 kJmol-1 from References 127, 128 and 129, respectively. The computational-study123 enthalpy of formation of — 140 kJ mol-1, using a calculated enthalpy of sublimation, is inconsistent with the last of these values. For the corresponding diamine, we find the discordant values of —98 and 122.3 kJmol-1 from References 128 and 130, respectively. The latter value is not credible. Unfortunately, as is seemingly so often the case, we cannot recommend remeasurements of the enthalpy of formation as these species are explosive. 

The explosive force of the nitro derivatives of benzene and its homologues increases with the number of nitro groups and decreases with the number of methyl radicals. Symmetrical trinitrobenzene is a very powerful explosive but on account of the difficulty of introducing three nitro groups into the benzene ring it has been little used. Toluene can be nitrated more readily and the symmetrical trinitro derivative (387) was extensively used in the recent war it is called T.N.T. or, in Europe, trotyl or tolite. The trinitro derivative of metaxylene, C6H(CH3)2l,3,(N02)32,4,6, which was also used is... 

Trinitro derivatives of chlorobenzene Picryl chloride Physical properties Chemical properties l-Chloro 2,4.5-trinitrobenzene Diagram of the nitration of chlorobenzene Thermochemical and explosive properties of chloronitrobenzenes Nitro derivatives of p-chlorobenzene Mononitro derivative of p-chlorobenzene Dinitro derivative ofp-dichlorobenzene 2,4,6-Trinilroderivativc of L3.5-trichlorobcnzene Manufacture of L3,5-lrichloro-2.4,6-irinitrobenzene Nitro derivatives of fluorobenzene Literature... 

Explosives Store in secure location away from all other chemicals. Ammonium nitrate, nitro urea, picric acid, trinitroaniline, trinitroanisole, trinitrobenzene, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Flammable liquids, oxidizers, poisons, acids, and bases... 

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