Nitric acid with alcohols

Silver fulminate is prepared by the reaction employed in the preparation of - Mercury Fulminate, i.e., by reacting a solution of silver in nitric acid with alcohol. Like mercury fulminate, it is also toxic. 

The fact that practically all aromatic amines are readily converted into diazo compounds contributed greatly to Griess s success. The original method (Griess, 1858) by which he diazotized picramic acid (1.1 see Scheme 1-1) consisted of passing nitrous gases, prepared by the reduction of nitric acid with starch or arsenious acid, into an alcoholic solution of the amine. 

A 15% nitric acid solution in ethanol was used to clean a bismuth crystal. The solution decomposed violently after this treatment and projected the content of the container into the extraction hood in which it was placed. Mixtures with less than 10% of nitric acid in alcohol are the only ones to remain stable for short periods of time. They should never be stored. In this particular accident, the presence of bismuth suggests a reaction of type (3). 

In an attempt to find out how fast the waste was reacting with limestone, a 3-h backflushing experiment, in which waste was allowed to flow back out of the injection well, yielded some unexpected results. The increase in pH of the neutralized waste could not be fully accounted for by the solution of limestone as determined from the calcium content of the backflushed liquid the additional neutralization apparently resulted from reactions between nitric acid and alcohols and ketones in the original waste induced by increased pressure in the injection zone compared to surface conditions.41... 

White powder or tetragonal crystals density 7.72 g/cm practically insoluble in water, alcohol and acetone soluble in hydrochloric and nitric acids (with decomposition) Ksp 7.0 x Kh. ... 

MF was first prepd in ihe 17th century by Swedish-German alchemist Baron Johann Kunkel von Lowenstern living from 1630 to 1703 (Hackh s Diet gives 1638 as date of birth). He obtd this dangerous expl by treating mercury with nitric acid and alcohol. The method was described in the book of Kunkel published in 1716 after his death. This book is listed and the prepn is briefly described by... 

The same authors studied a mixture of nitric acid with furfuryl alcohol. In reactivity it occupies a position midway between the above mentioned groups with an induction period of 33 millisec. Similar results were obtained by Kilpatrick and Baker [17] when studying the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with colourless nitric acid. 

Mercury fulminate was first prepared in the 17th century by the Swedish-German alchemist, Baron Johann Kunkel von Lowenstern. He obtained this dangerous explosive by treating mercury with nitric acid and alcohol. At that time, Kunkel and other alchemists could not find a use for the explosive and the compound became forgotten until Edward Howard of England rediscovered it between 1799 and 1800. Howard examined the properties of mercury fulminate and proposed its use as a percussion initiator for blackpowder and in 1807 a Scottish Clergyman, Alexander Forsyth patented the device. 

Hackel and T. Urbanski [18] reported that a solution of starch in 10 times its weight of nitric acid (97.3% HN03) poured after 6 hr at 20°C into 20 times its weight of water yielded a nitrostarch of 11.7-11.9% N almost completely soluble in alcohol and ether-alcohol. The method has not come into practical use as the dilution of nitric acid with water is not economic. 

The moist cake of hexammine chloride obtained here is dissolved in the combined aqueous extracts and then the whole solution is mixed with 400ml of concentrated nitric acid and cooled in ice. After standing in the cold for 2 hours, the orange-yellow crystals of nitrate are filtered off, drained well, and washed successively with 50ml of ice-cold concentrated nitric acid, with the same volume of cold 1 2 nitric add-water, and finally, copiously with 95% alcohol until the washings are acid-free. The salt is dried in air. 

J. J. Berzelius prepared lead phosphate by adding a soln. of lead acetate to a nitric acid soln. of bone-ash, and decomposed the lead phosphate by treatment with dil. sulphuric acid, and removed the last traces of lead by hydrogen sulphide and W. Odling treated a soln. of sodium phosphate in ice-cold water with lead acetate, and decomposed the washed precipitate suspended in water with hydrogen sulphide. The soln., freed from the precipitated lead sulphide, was evaporated to remove the hydrogen sulphide. J. Persoz digested the soln. of bone-ash with ferric or aluminium oxide, decomposed the precipitated phosphate with sulphuric acid, and afterwards extracted with phosphoric acid with alcohol. L. Thompson precipitated the lime by treating the calcium phosphate with oxalic acid. W. H. Ross and co-workers purified phosphoric acid by a process of fractional crystallization. 

The former is deposited in yellow crystals, mixed with sulphur when acetoxime is treated with phosphorus pentasulphide in carbon bisulphide soln. the insoluble product extracted with alcohol and the alcoholic soln. heated to boiling the compound separates from cold water in large, transparent, seemingly monoclinic prisms, melts at 146° 150° with decomposition, and is readily soluble in water, but only sparingly in alcohol, and insoluble in ether and carbon bisulphide. It decomposes carbonates, gives a colourless precipitate with lead acetate, and is decomposed by hot dilute nitric acid with separation of sulphur and formation of phosphoric acid it is also decomposed by mercuric oxide, the filtrate from the precipitated mercury sulphide giving all the reactions of phosphoric acid. 

According to both the NFPA Guide and Bretherick (Refs 5 13), sulfuric acid causes explosions and/or fires when in intimate contact with a large number (over 70) of materials including acetic anhydride, acet and nitric acid, acrolein, alcohols, alcohols and hydrogen peroxide, anun hydroxide, aniline, bromine and metals, carbides, chlorates, cyclopentadiene, ethylene glycol, various hydrocarbons, hydrochloric acid, iron, mercuric nitride, powdered metals, perchlorates, picrates, pyridine, Na carbonate, steel, sucrose, vinyl acetate, and w. Illustrative... 

Glass-lined vessels, passivated with dilute nitric acid or alcoholic EDTA, were used in reactions with the oxaziridine. 

Erythrol tetranitrate is insoluble in cold water, but is soluble in alcohol and ether. It is prepared by dissolving erythrol in concentrated nitric acid with efficient cooling, and precipitating the product by concentrated sulfuric acid. It crystallizes out of alcohol as colorless plates. 

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