Howard, Edward

Taxonomic nomenclatures for plants and animals are under constant revision. In the Handbook of Chemical Risk Assessment series, the author elected to conform as much as possible to the systems and spellings used by Scott and Wasser (1980) for plants, Swain and Swain (1948) for insects, Turgeon et al. (1988) for aquatic molluscs, Williams et al. (1989) for decapod crustaceans, Pratt (1935) and Hyman (1940, 1951a, 1951b, 1955) for miscellaneous invertebrates, Robins et al. (1991) for fishes, Ditmars (1966) for reptiles, Edwards (1974) and Howard and Moore (1991) for birds, and Nowak and Paradiso (1983) for mammals. Individual species are arranged alphabetically by scientific and common names (Table 33.2). In total, about 2300 species of animals and plants were cited, of which only 23 (1.0%) were listed in at least 20 chapters. The most widely cited species include ... 

Edwards, E.P. 1974. A Coded List of Birds of the World. Ernest P. Edwards, Sweet Briar, VA. 174 pp. Howard, R. and A. Moore. 1991. A Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Second Edition. Academic Press, New York. 622 pp. 

Bennett Braun David Kitzes Howard Schwartz Helen Hudson Edward Stearns... 

In 1804 William Nicholson, the editor, chose Mr, Hatchett and Edward Howard to serve with him on a committee to judge Richard Chenevix s alloy of platinum and mercury which Chenevix believed identi-... 

Accdg to Marshall 1 (Ref 11, p37). Mercury Fulminate was invented by Edward Howard, who described it in a paper before the Royal Society... 

For a historiography survey, see Edward Spiers, Gallipoli , in Brian Bond (ed.), The First World War and British Military History (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1991), pp. 165-88. For Churchill s part, see Michael Howard, Churchill and the First World War , in Robert Blake and W. Roger Louis (eds.), Churchill (Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 129-45, at pp. 137-8. For lack of staff work and Hankey s role, see Gooch, Plans of War, pp. 309-15. The best account of the campaign is Tim Travers, Gallipoli 1915 (Stroud Tempus, 2001). 

Mercury fulminate was first prepared in the 17th century by the Swedish-German alchemist, Baron Johann Kunkel von Lowenstern. He obtained this dangerous explosive by treating mercury with nitric acid and alcohol. At that time, Kunkel and other alchemists could not find a use for the explosive and the compound became forgotten until Edward Howard of England rediscovered it between 1799 and 1800. Howard examined the properties of mercury fulminate and proposed its use as a percussion initiator for blackpowder and in 1807 a Scottish Clergyman, Alexander Forsyth patented the device. 

The invention of the percussion cap is attributed to an Englishman, Joseph Egg, who tried at the beginning of the 19th century to utilize MF, described in detail by Edward Howard (1800) but first prepd by John K.von Lowenstern (1630-1703). It is also probable that J. Shaw of Philadelphia, USA, independently invented similar cups in 1815. 

S D Jolad A Kalir M Kawanisi Jeffrey E Keiser J Michael Locke Ted J Logan H Lindlar V Mark H Meerwein G David Mendenhall Marion L Miles J P Panella L A Paquette F L M Pattison Robert M Paufler D J Pettitt S Rajagopal W H F Sasse R SCHMUTZLER R E Schuster James E Scott Helmut Seidl Lowell R Smith Petek A S Smith A John Speziale Allan R Stein Edward C Taylor Leonard R Worden Howard E Zimmerman... 

We thank Todd W. Hunt, Edward R. Wonchoba, and Howard D. Jones for technical assistance. 

Ground water t,/2 = 16 d to 31.3 yr, based on anaerobic flooded soil die-away data for two flooded soils (Castro Yoshida 1971 quoted, Howard et al. 1991) and observed rates of biodegradation in aerobic soils under field conditions (Lichtenstein Schultz 1959 Stewart Chisholm 1971 quoted, Howard et al. 1991). Sediment t,/2 = 3 to 5 yr (Bierman Swain 1982) t,/2 = 21 yr (conversion of p,p -DDT to p,p -DDE in sediment, Oliver et al. 1989) t,/2 = 78800 h (quoted mean value from Howard et al. 1991, Mortimer Connell 1995). Soil t,/2 = 2-15.6 yr, based on observed rates of biodegradation in aerobic soils under field conditions (Lichtenstein Schultz 1959 Stewart Chisholm 1971 quoted, Howard et al. 1991) average t,/2 12 yr in 3 different soils for 50 ppm in soil (Nash Woolson 1967) estimated persistence of 4 yr in soil (Kearney et al. 1969 Edwards 1973 quoted, Morrill et al. 1982 Jury et al. 1987a) ... 

Edward M. Mullin, presently Intertel s director of intelligence operations, was with Division Five of the FBI and later with the CIA as an assistant deputy director in charge of clandestine services. Mullin s private security front in Washington, D.C., was infamous as the base of operations for E. Howard Hunt during the time of the Watergate breakin. Mullin is also directly tied into the Miami Double-Chek outfit that is implicated in several Permin-dex-run assassinations, including the JFK killing. 

Phillips-Howard PA, Steffen R, Kerr L, Vanhauwere B, Schildknecht J, Fuchs E, Edwards R. Safety of mefloquine and other antimalarial agents in the first trimester of pregnancy. J Travel Med 1998 5(3) 121-6. 

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