Manufacture of Highly Concentrated Nitric Acid

The 50 to 70% nitric acid produced in conventional nitric acid plants is suitable for industrial purposes e.g. the manufacture of fertilizers, the synthesis of ammonium nitrate, for example, requiring 60% acid. However, for nitration reactions in organic synthesis a highly concentrated (ca. 98 to 99%) nitric acid is required. Since nitric acid forms an [Pg.59]

Highly concentrated (98 to 99%) nitric acid mainly utilized for nitration [Pg.59]

Highly concentrated nitric acid can be produced by direct and indirect processes. Direct processes are favored in Western Europe, whereas indirect processes are favored in the USA. [Pg.60]

Direct processes for highly concentrated nitric acid manufacture [Pg.60]