Nitrate composition

Although originally a trade name the term celluloid has come into general use to describe camphor-plasticised cellulose nitrate compositions. 

Explosives, General Bombs, Aircraft. Aluminized and Ammonium Nitrate Composition Explosives in Aircraft Bombs , BritQrdnBoardProc Q7Q87 BritO rdnBoardlnvestigation 1089 2038 (Nov 1951) 58) Anon, High Explo-... 

Such a powder gives less smoke than the 75% nitrate composition and eliminates side sparking. 

The data in Table 7. 7 show that potassium nitrate, with its highly endothermic heat of decomposition, produces significantly lower flame temperatures with shellac than the other three oxidizers. The yellow light intensity will be substantially less for the nitrate compositions. 

Another important factor is the thermal stability and heat of decomposition of the oxidizer. Potassium chlorate mixtures tend to be much more sensitive to ignition than potassium nitrate compositions, due to the exothermic nature of the decomposition of KCIO 3. Mixtures containing very stable oxidizers - such as ferric oxide (Fe 2O 3) and lead chromate (PbCrO 4) - can be quite difficult to ignite, and a more-sensitive composition frequently has to be used in conjunction with these materials to effect ignition. 

Fig. 121. Extrusion press for extruding ammonium nitrate composite propellants, Astrodyne, Inc. (according to Warren [5]).

The propellants derived from nitrate ester-based binders possessed the undesirable characteristics associated with nitrate ester groups such as thermal instability, hydrolytic instability, and impact instability (especially for highly nitrated compositions). For this reason a study was undertaken to prepare polymeric binders in which oxygen is carried in the form of the more thermally and hydrolytically stable nitro group. Aerojet General Corp., working with both the Purdue and the Ohio Research Foundations, carried out the bulk of these studies. The following are typical of the condensation monomers synthesized by Aerojet ... 

Standard type ammonium nitrate composite propellant... 

Designation of AMD NG Amm nitrate Composition, % No Wood- or nitrote cereal-meal Charcoal... 

BL-rosin almost always gives a good ignition, even with potassium nitrate composition. Pine root pitch is more effective than BL-rosin. Shellac or... 

Potassium chlorate or ammonium perchlorate composition has very good ignition. Potassium perchlorate composition also has good ignition, exept a composition which contains shellac. A potassium nitrate composition is very difficult to ignite. 

The above discussion is confirmed by an experiment (Table 5) Potassium nitrate composition shows a very different character from others the combustion is quite unstable, and we cannot pick up general rules from these data. We have no experimental data here concerning black powder type compositions (mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur) and metal powder compositions, but the burning of such compositions is quite stable and their critical wind velocities seem to be very high. 

Artificial leather coatings may be made from cellulose acetate butyrate compositions of high butyryl content. Large amounts of plasticizers of low volatility are employed. These coatings offer improved flexibility at low temperatures over those made from cellulose nitrate compositions. 

C. E. Waller was another creative member of the unusual Trojan Powder group of the post-World War I era. His patents covered the improvement of starch nitrate compositions. 

Figure 4. Relationship between dissolved nitrate composition and the N-isotopic composition of near-surface (<20m) particulate organic matter in Lake Lugano (data rcpiotted from Bernasconi el al 1997). The apparent positive correlation is the opposite of that predicted by isotopic theory and culture experiments.

A sample of strontium nitrite has been synthesized and thermally characterized by Tuukkanen and coworkers [63] to investigate its role in the ageing of magnesium-strontium nitrate pyrotechnic compositions in the presence of water vapour. Studies by TG-MS and isothermal microcalorimetry showed that the addition of strontium nitrite to a 50% magnesium-50% strontium nitrate composition eliminated the induction reaction normally observed in closed ampoule studies in air at 50 and relative humidities in the range 65-69%. 

Ordinates and abscissae as in Fig. 16. A = KCl, B = BaCla, C = Co(NH3)eCl3 and D = [Pt(en)3] (NOa)4 fit completely with the behaviour in Fig. 16. E = hexol nitrate (composition, see note 1 on page 208) gives a curve with a minimum. At this minimum reversal of charge of the sol takes place from negative to positive. Flocculation does not take place with any of the salts, even not around the minimum of the hexol nitrate curve. 

URAN Fartlllzar-Ammonium Nitrate Composition 44.3% Ammonium Nitrate,... 

X. Igdanit. This is an ammonium nitrate, fuel oil explosive that is prepared in situ just before use. Reported compositions vary from an ammonium nitrate composition of 94 to 97 percent. 

---