Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form, NADPH

An alternative method for detecting the fructose produced involves the use of ffuctokinase (EC 2.7.1.4), phosphoglucose isomerase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), measuring in this case the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH) produced. ... 

The xylose reductase (XR) catalyzes the first step of a fungal pathway that allows certain organisms to metabolize xylose, such as Candida boidinii [6], Candida guilliermondii [7], Candida tmpicalis [8], Candida parapsilosis [9], and Debaryomyces hansenii [10]. After the reduction of xylose to xylitol by XR in a manner that can utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form NADH) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form NADPH), xylitol is re-oxidized to xylulose by xyUtol dehydrogenase, which is often specific for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) [11]. Xylulose is then phosphorylated. An efficient, pathway should recycle the cosubstrate such that there is no... 

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form NADPH ftirR =P03 ... 

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) catalyzes the reduction of 7,8-dihydrofolate (H2F) by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH) to form 5,6,7,8-telrahydrofolate (H4F), a key step in furnishing the parental cofactor needed for de novo pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis. The enzyme has been the target of antitumor and antimicrobial drugs. A complete Idnelic scheme (Fig. 6) obtained primarily throngh transient kinetics has been described for the enzyme bosaEscherichia coli as well as other sources and provides a second case smdy as to how to define the catalytic process. 

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (NADPH) >... 

Endogenous NO is produced almost exclusively by L-arginine catabolism to L-citrul-line in a reaction catalyzed by a family of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) [3]. In the first step, Arg is hydroxylated to an enzyme-bound intermediate "-hydroxy-1.-arginine (NHA), and 1 mol of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form) and O2 are consumed. In the second step, N H A is oxidized to citrulline and NO, with consumption of 0.5 mol of NADPH and 1 mol of 02 (Scheme 1.1). Oxygen activation in both steps is carried out by the enzyme-bound heme, which derives electrons from NADPH. Mammalian NOS consists of an N-terminal oxy-... 

NADH reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADP+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized form) NADPH reduced form of nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate Nj mole fraction of species) (dimensionless)... 

Figure 5.3 Outline of the mevalonate pathway for the formation of C5 isoprenoid units. Most research has focused on HMC-CoA reductase (HMCR), the rate-determining step in terpenoid biosynthesis in mammals. P indicates a phosphate moiety. HMC-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) SCoA, S-Coenzyme A (to which acetate is attached) CoASH, free coenzyme A.

There are two pathways degrading glucose to pyruvate i.e., the Embden-Meyerhof(EM) pathway and the Entner-Doudoroff(ED) pathway. By the EM pathway, 2 mol of NADH are produced while 1 mol each of NADH and NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, reduced form) is produced by the ED pathway as follows. 

NADPH P- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, Reduced Form... 

R-Mevalonic acid is formed by the reduction of (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA((3S)HMG-CoA) with NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate/reduced form Chapter 10). (3S)-HMG-CoA is formed by the addition of an acetyl CoA unit to aceto-acetyl CoA, which itself is formed by the aldol condensation of two acetyl CoA units [1]. 

Abbreviations NADPH, p-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form NAD, p-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide FMN, flavin mononucleotide ATP, adenosine triphosphate PAPS, 3 -phosphoadenosine 5 -phosphosulfate UDP, uridine diphosphate UDPGA, uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid. 

Figure 3 Cyclic reactions among glutathione, ascorbic acid, and tocopherol. NADPH, nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form NADP, nicotinamide-ade-nine-dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized form GSH, glutathione GSSG, glutathione disulphate DHA, dehydroascorbic acid. (From Ref. 26.)...

Abbrewiaiions ADP. adenosine 5 -dlphosphate. ATP. adenosine S -triphosphate CDP. cytidine S -dlphosphate CMP, idine 5 -monophosp1iate CTP, cytidine 5 -lriphosphate. NADP. nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidised form) NADPH. nicotinamide adenine dinucleolide phosphate (reduced form) DPPi, pyrophosphate... 

ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase CYP, cytochrome P450 NAD, nicotinamide-adenme dinucleotide NADPH, nicotmamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)... 

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