Neutrophil, histamine effects

In addition to its effects on haematopoietic cells, GM-CSF can also affect the function of mature cells. GM-CSF treatment increases the survival, cytotoxicity and eicosanoid formation by eosinophils, and can increase the tu-mouricidal activity, cytokine expression, surface antigen expression and oxidative metabolism of macrophages. It is chemotactic for endothelial cells, can induce the proliferation of some tumour cells, stimulates histamine release from basophils and affects the viability and function of Langerhans cells. Its effects on mature neutrophils are described in 7.2.1, 7.3.4. 

Mechanism of Action A mouth agent that has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties. Appears to inhibit formation and/or release of inflammatory mediators (e g., histamine) from mast cells, neutrophils, mononuclear cells. Therapeutic Effect Alleviates signs and symptoms of aphthous ulcers. 

The Hi Receptor and its Ligands. The H receptor mediates effects, through an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). such as gastric acid secretion relaxation of airway smooth muscle and of pulmonary vessels increased lower airway mucus secretion esophageal contraclion inhibition of basophil, but not mas cell histamine release inhibition of neutrophil activation and induction or suppressor T cells. There is no evidence that the H- receptor causes significant modulation of lung function in the healthy human subject or in the asthmatic. 

Mogbel R, Walsh GM, MacDonald AJ, et al. The effect of nedocromil sodium on the activation of human eosinophils, neutrophils and histamine release from mast cells. Allergy 1988 43 268-276. 

Artocarpols from the root barks of Artocarpus rigida have been identified as anti-inflammation agents. Artocarpol C (798) strikingly inhibited the release of y5-glucuronidase and histamine from mast cell degranulation in a concentration-dependent manner (ICso 10.9 and 13.2 //M, respectively). Artocarpol C (798) also showed inhibitory effect on the formyl-peptide-stimulated superoxide anion formation in neutrophils (ICso 26.0 //M) [350]. Artocarpol I (803) exhibited similar inhibition of superoxide anion formation in neutrophils (ICso 10.9 //M) [351]. 

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