Neutron resolution with

A primary hydration number of 6 for Fe + in aqueous (or D2O) solution has been indicated by neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS), XRD, 16,1017 EXAFS, and for Fe " " by NDIS and EXAFS. Fe—O bond distances in aqueous solution have been determined, since 1984, for Fe(H20)/+ by EXAFS and neutron diffraction, for ternary Fe " "-aqua-anion species by XRD (in sulfate and in chloride media, and in bromide media ), for Fe(H20)g by neutron diffraction, and for ternary Fe -aqua-anion species. The NDIS studies hint at the second solvation shell in D2O solution high energy-resolution incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering (IQENS) can give some idea of the half-lives of water-protons in the secondary hydration shell of ions such as Fe aq. This is believed to be less than 5 X I0 s, whereas t>5x10 s for the binding time of protons in the primary hydration shell. X-Ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS—EXAFS and XANES) has been used... 

The structures of iron oxides have been determined principally by single crystal X-ray diffraction or neutron diffraction with supplementary information coming from infrared spectroscopy, electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy. A few years after the first successful application of X-ray diffraction to crystal structure determination, this technique was used to establish the major features of the structures of magnetite (Bragg, 1915 Nishikawa, 1915) and hematite (Bragg Bragg, 1918). 

Kundrot and Richards (1987, 1988) described the solvation shell in the hen egg white lysozyme crystal, in connection with a study of the compressibility of protein and solvent. Mason et al. (1984) carried out a neutron diffraction analysis of triclinic lysozyme at 1.4 A resolution, with 239 water molecules included in the refinement. 

The time-of-flight (TOF) method determines the neutron energy with a resolution that is better than with any other detector. The principle of neutron TOF is... 

The change of resolution with neutron energy is the same for TOF and crystal spectrometers. In both systems, the energy spread AE changes, essen-... 

High-Resolution Electron Microscopy, Neutron Diffraction with Isotopic Substitution and X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure for the Characterisation of Active Sites in Oxide Catalysts... 

The lack of a fall-off in scattering power as a function of scattering angle also gives us the ability to study structures to very high resolution with neutron diffraction. 

If one desires the maximum efficiency from this type of neutron detector, it is necessary to accept a broad spectrum of pulse heights and forego any energy discrimination. However, with an appreciable sacrifice in the efficiency, one can obtain some energy resolution. Voss and Wilson have employed liquid scintillator neutron detectors with an energy resolution of about 10% by limiting their observations to the recoil protons which had more than 80% of the maximum pulse height. 

The 14.4 keV y-ray has line width of 5 x 10 eV. Since with neutron scattering experiments, the energy resolution is eV, the energy resolution with... 

These two experiments demonstrate the versatility of neutrons in probing the form of S(Q,a)) over a wide range of Q-(o space but the technique has not been more fully utilised due to the large experimental correction factors for multiple-scattering. Compared with other forms of spectroscopy, neutron studies with a triple axis spectrometer give very low data-collection rates. For this reason large samples are required and some compromise with respect of energy resolution is also necessary, it would seem that this technique is restricted due to the limitations in the incident, neutron flux. 

The second severe difficulty in the analysis of neutron spectra of spin glasses is the separation of the elastic scattering from the inelastic/quasielastic scattering contribution, which is limited by the finite instrumental energy resolution. This has special relevance for spin glasses where with the evolution of correlations in the spin system with decreasing temperature a whole spectrum of relaxation time develops. A neutron spectrometer with energy resolution AE can only resolve... 

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