Nervous system abnormalities

Signs and Symptoms Symptoms include sudden onset of intense headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light (photophobia) followed by central nervous system abnormalities such as stupor, tremors, delirium, focal epilepsy and flaccid paralysis (especially in the shoulder), and coma. Recovery is prolonged. Sequelae may include paralysis of the upper extremities and back. 

Toxieology. Chloroprene causes central nervous system abnormalities as well as skin and eye irritation. Reproductive, mutagenic, embryotoxic, and carcinogenic effects have been reported. 

Teratogenic effects have been observed in humans after maternal warfarin exposure. The effects are primarily seen in the nasal region of the fetus and include nasal hypoplasia, bone stippling, and mental retardation. Central nervous system abnormalities due to localized hemorrhaging and scarring have occurred after second- or third-trimester exposures, whereas exposure during early pregnancy may result in dysmorphism. ... 

Immune vasculitis can also be induced by drugs. The sulfonamides, penicillin, thiouracil, anticonvulsants, and iodides have all been implicated in the initiation of hypersensitivity angiitis. Erythema multiforme is a relatively mild vasculitic skin disorder that may be secondary to drug hypersensitivity. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is probably a more severe form of this hypersensitivity reaction and consists of erythema multiforme, arthritis, nephritis, central nervous system abnormalities, and myocarditis. It has frequently been associated with sulfonamide therapy. Administration of nonhuman monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies such as rattlesnake antivenin may cause serum sickness. 

Lysine Hyperlysinemia Mental retardation and some noncentral nervous system abnormalities Lysine-ketoglutarate reductase... 

Not just for energy. People with galactosemia display central nervous system abnormalities even if galactose is eliminated from the diet. The precise reason for it is not known. Suggest a plausible explanation. 

Ohmori K, Kumada K, Kimura F, Ishihara S, Fukuda M, Suzuki K, Kohama A. [Ethylene glycol poisoning complicated by central nervous system abnormalities.] Chudoku Kenkyu 2004 17(4) 365-70. 

Rectal administration of methohexital, sometimes used for children with needle-phobia, can cause apnea, particularly if there are pre-existing nervous system abnormalities (SED-12, 242) (5). 

Seizures with focal onset have been described during treatment of status asthmaticus in adult patients with no previous history of epilepsy (12). Although, serum theophylline concentrations are an unreliable predictor of seizures, seizures occur most commonly at serum concentrations over 40-50 pg/ml (13). Older patients are more likely to have seizures than younger ones at similar theophylline concentrations (14). Patients with pre-existing central nervous system abnormalities (15) or severe pulmonary disease may also be at increased risk (SEDA-17, 1). Theophylline-induced seizures have been reported in two neonates (SEDA-6, 2) the serum theophylline concentration during seizures was 51 gg/ml. 

Nervous system abnormalities may be attributed in part to diminished synthesis of neurotransmitters rather than to inadequate synthesis of ATP. In pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, diminished levels of acetyl-CoA cause decreased production of acetylcholine in pyruvate carboxylase deficiency, decreased production of... 

Nervous system abnormalities. Balali-Mood et al. (2005) conducted smdies on peripheral neuropathic processes in victims exhibiting severe late manifestations of mustard poisoning using electromyography and nerve conduction velocity. Seventy percent of the patients demonstrated disturbances in the peripheral nervous system. Nerve conduction abnormalities were more common in sensory nerves and more prevalent in lower extremities than in upper extremities. Forty percent of the patients exhibited incomplete interference patterns in electromyographic studies. 

Adverse reactions to penicillins are rare diarrhoea can occur due to alteration in normal gastrointestinal bacteria. In fact, penicillins are probably the least toxic drugs known. Hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins occur in up to 10% of patients and vary from mild skin rashes to exfoliative dermatitis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (immune vasculitis with arthritis, nephritis, central nervous system abnormalities and myocarditis) and from bronchoconstriction to life-threatening anaphylactic shock. 

Stevens-Johnson syndrome - vasculitis, arthritis, nephritis, central nervous system abnormalities and myocarditis... 

Biotin Al F 30 [xg M 30 [xg Liver Egg yolk Conjunctivitis central nervous system abnormalities glossitis alopecia dry, scaly dermatitis... 

With these reservations in mind, the frequency of symptomatic neuropathy seems to be 15-20% in unselected diabetes patient populations, whereas the frequency of more or less pronounced abnormalities in the peripheral nervous system varies between 20% and 50%, depending on the methodology applied. The prevalence in type 2 diabetes seems to be higher than in type 1 diabetic patients although data are somewhat contradictory [11]. At the onset of diabetes the frequency of nervous system abnormalities is 5-10%, increasing linearly as a function of duration of diabetes and amounts to 50% of the population after 25 years duration of diabetes. Ten to twenty per cent of patients with peripheral diabetic neuropathy will have painful diabetic neuropathy that requires treatment. 

Hreidarsson, A. B., Gundersen, H. J. (1988). Reduced pupillary unrest Aulonorrtic nervous system abnormality in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, 37,446-451. Jattisse, M. P (1977). Pupillometry The psychology ofthe pupillary response. New York Wiley. 

Nervous system Abnormal, asymptomatic electroencephalographic (EEG) waveforms were observed in almost 20% of 197 patients... 

The clinical picture is a combination of multisystem alterations with central involvements of gastrointestinal, dermatological and central nervous system abnormalities. 

---