Nematicidal activity

Research by Soler-Serratosa et al. (1996) using combinations of thymol and benzaldehyde for root-knot and cyst nematode control on soybeans showed that both compounds exhibited wide spectrum nematicidal activity with Meloidogyne spp. and Dorylaimid nematodes being more sensitive than cyst nematode and nonparasitic nematodes (Soler-Serratosa et al., 1996). In addition to the direct toxicity of these compounds to nematodes, it was hyopothesized that stimulation of beneficial microflora by the compounds or their products, altered host response, and a deleterious physicochemical environment may all contribute to reduced gall formation (Soler-Seratosa et al., 1996). 

Oka, Y. Nematicidal activity of essential oil components against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. Nematology 2001 3 159-164. 

We found that the ether and ethyl acetate extracts of chicory roots exhibited the best nematicidal activities. The extracts were separated according to their acidity to give organo-acidic, phenolic, basic and neutral fractions. The phenolic fraction was found... 

The nematicidal activities of extracts from different parts of a chicory root were examined. The relative survival ratios (R. S. R.) at the root skin, inner root tissue, wounded root tissue and hairy roots were measured (Figure 3). The extract from the root skin exhibited the highest nematicidal activity. Interestingly, the nematicidal activity of an acidic fraction from rhizoplane soil was much higher than that from bulk field soil. We found that some phenolics from the root also exhibited nematicidal activity. Thus, it seems that secondary metabolites such as terpenoids and phenolics can play an important role in chicory defense. 

The A/-phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil, already discussed in Section 2.1.1.2, contains the unusual trifluoromethylsulfinyl substituent, not often seen in agrochemical chemistry. Following the introduction of fipronil, several chemistries related to fipronil were launched, including acetoprole [105], an insecticide with acaricidal and nematicidal activity, and ethiprole [106], a systemic insecticide for the control of a broad spectrum of insects, both from Bayer CropScience. 

Matsuda, K., Kimura, M., Komai, K., and Hamada, M. 1989. Nematicidal activities of (-)-N-methylcytisine and (-)-anagyrine from Sophora flavescens against Pine wood nematodes. Agric. Biol. Chem. 53, 2287-2288... 

Cinnamon oil possessed strong nematicidal activity against the male, female and juveniles of pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Park et al., 2005). Cinnamyl acetate, the active ingredient in the oil, at a concentration of 32.81 pg/1 resulted in 50% mortality of nematodes. 

Park, K.I., Park, J.Y., Kim, K.H., Choi, K.S., Choi, I.H., Kim, C.S. and Shin, S.C. (2005) Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oils against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Nematology 7, 767-774. 

The essential oil of nutmeg exhibits strong nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Gotke etal., 1990). 

Cotke, N., Maheswari, M.L. and Mathur, V.K. (1990) Nematicidal activity of Myristica fragrans against Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Perfumer 34, 1 05-107. 

Zia, T., Siddiqui, I.A. and Nazrul Hasnain, S. (2001b) Nematicidal activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Phytotherapy Research 1 5(6), 538-540. 

Carbamates of acyclic hydroximidates and thiolhydroximidates have been reported to exhibit insecticidal and nematicidal activity (1-5). Included among these are the commercial materials methomyl and oxamyl. Derivatives of monocyclic thiolhydroximidates have also been described ( ). We wish to report a series of carbamates of bicyclic hydroximidates, thiolhydroximidates, and amidoximes which exhibit broad activity as insecticides and nematicides (7). 

Good nematicidal activity was found only in the thia series. The highest activity, four times the standards, was shown by the [2.2.2] compounds with a small electronegative group at the four bridgehead position. 

Some older compounds such as toxaphene, lindane and cyclodiene insecticides have been around for some time without their mode of action being known. My third observation is that, almost as a tradition, some insecticidal activity has been found and then later a physiological lesion has been discovered. The initial acaricidal activity of chlordimeform, the nematicidal activity of avermectin, or the diptericidal activity of cyromazine are good examples. 

Alkaloids isolated from an unidentified colonial zoanthid have also exhibited interesting biological activities. Zoanthamine (5), zoanthenamine (6), zoanthamide (7), and 28-deoxyzoanthenamine (8) possess inhibitory activity in the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced mouse ear inflammation assay, as well as analgesic activity (22). Zoanthamine (5) also exhibited strong nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and antibacterial activity (41). 

Stadler, M., Mayer, A., Anke, H., and Sterner, O. (1994) Fatty Acids and Other Compounds with Nematicidal Activity from Cultures of Basidiomycetes, Planta Med. 60,128-132. 

Nematicidal activity of some essential oils and their major constituents has been reported (12) Eugenol showed the most efficacy against 3 species of nematodes, while linalool, geraniol, and menthol were more effective against the root-knot nematode. 

Antifeedant Compounds Insecticidal and Nematicidal Activity Diterpenes with Juvenile Hormone Activity Diterpenes That Prevent Reproduction in Insects Trail-Marking Pheromones Diterpenes from Marine Plants Sweeteners Medicinal Properties Antitumor Compounds Sesterterpenes Biosynthesis Biological Activity References... 

Constit. of Rhyncholacis penicillata (Podostemaceae). Exhibits acaricidal, insecticidal and nematicidal activities. Light yellow needles. Mp 34.5-36°. 

Insecticide, antifeedant, nematicide activities l-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-Al-methyIacridone, rc/-(3/f,4/f)-(-)-3-Methoxy-4,5-dihydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyI)-3,4-dihydroquinoIin-2-one, re/-(3/f,4/f)-(-)-3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyI)-3,4-dihydroqumolin-2-one, arborinine, atanine, dictamnine, evolitrine, leiokinine A and B, Al-methyIquinoIiniimi-2-carboxyIate, penigequinolOTie A and B, (-)-peniprequinoIone, quinolactacide, vasicine, vasicinol, vasicinone, xanthoxoline [22, 25, 29, 33-36, 39,41],... 

Carbofuran (1967) is a systemic heterocyclic carbamate which has a wide range of insecticidal, acaricidal and nematicidal activities. It is therefore active against a wide variety of soil and foliar pests. 

Kagan, J. Chan, G. Experientia, 1983, 39, 402. a-Ter thienyl was known to have nematicide activity which is enhanced by UV light Gommers, F.J. Nematologia, 1972, 18,... 

Nematicidal Activity. A series of a-T derivatives and heteroarene analogs were bioassayed for nematicidal activity against the root knot nematode Meloidogvne graminicola on sorghum plants using standard soil drench and foliar test methods. 

Heterocycles Fixing the phosphate moiety as S-sec-butyl 0 -ethyl phosphorothioate, the effect of the heterocyclic ring was examined as to the insecticidal, miticidal, and nematicidal activities. 

In Table H insecticidal activities were examined for the following species of insects brown planthopper, green peach aphid, diamondback moth, and common cutworm Miticidal activity was tested against two-spotted spider mite Nematicidal activities were checked against root-knot nematode... 

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