Relative survival

This pediatric cancer stands as an example of how cooperative group studies (NWTS and SIOP) have been able to integrate both chemotherapy and radiation into standard therapy while minimizing side-effects and dramatically improving cure rates as seen in the improvement of the 5-yr relative survival rates from 74% in 1974-1976 to 93% in 1989-1996 (60). The fifth NWTS trial began in 1995 and is expected to continue until 2003 (see Table 5) (60). This study will search for biological prognostic factors and examine the rates of cancer and birth defects in children born to survivors of Wilms tumor. 

Fig. 2. Potentiation of rat H4 hepatoma by 2.5 uM cisplatin present during the postirradiation incubation prior to assay for viability demonstrating inhibition of PLD recovery. Relative survival of plateau phase cells irradiated with 7.5 Gy after incubation for different time periods or in the presence of cisplatin. Results have been corrected for drug toxicity. Adapted from Carde and Laval (154).

Figure 3. The relative survival ratios (%) of the golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) following exposure to chicory plant extracts recovered from the skin, inner part, wounded part and hairy roots of chicory and from the acidic fraction of neighboring soil.

The nematicidal activities of extracts from different parts of a chicory root were examined. The relative survival ratios (R. S. R.) at the root skin, inner root tissue, wounded root tissue and hairy roots were measured (Figure 3). The extract from the root skin exhibited the highest nematicidal activity. Interestingly, the nematicidal activity of an acidic fraction from rhizoplane soil was much higher than that from bulk field soil. We found that some phenolics from the root also exhibited nematicidal activity. Thus, it seems that secondary metabolites such as terpenoids and phenolics can play an important role in chicory defense. 

Tumor Stage at Diagnosis Stage Distribution (%) 5-Year Relative Survival (%) ... 

In a recently published update of the IRIS trial, the complete cytogenetic remission rate in imatinib-treated patients is 79% at 24 months. Nearly all patients in the IFN-a plus cytarabine group have crossed over to the imatinib arm due to better tolerability and higher activityBecause of this high cross-over rate to the imatinib arm, it may not be possible to determine the relative survival benefit of imatinib when compared to IFN-a. 

The environmental disaster in Kuwait which resulted from the oil field burn showed clearly the relative survival of plants and trees in the polluted atmosphere of Kuwait. The number of dead trees is related to the type of the tree and also to the soil condition and irrigation system which was almost nill during the Kuwait invasion period. Even the dead dry plant leaves which are usually brittle were soft as a result of the absorbed oil contaminants due to atmospheric pollution. 

Figure 11.3 Trends in 5-year relative survival rates (adjusted for normal life expectancy) for the four most common types of cancer. Trends between the first and last time period are statistically significant in all cases. (Source Cancer Facts Figures 2006, American Cancer Society.)...

For women, breast cancer accounts for almost one-third of the new diagnoses. Lung cancer and colorectal cancer account for 12 and 11% of the new diagnoses, respectively, and the other cancers account for 6% or less of the new diagnoses. Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women, has a 5-year relative survival of 86% and is responsible for 15% of the cancer deaths. As with men, lung cancer is responsible for the most deaths, accounting for 25% of the total number of deaths. The 5-year relative survival for... 

Five- and Ten-Year Relative Survival for U.S. Cases Treated by Gastrectomy, 1985-1996... 

Summary of Changes in 5-year Relative Survival Rates Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program Incidence Rates and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Death Rates for 1973-1997... 

Primary Site 5-Year Relative Survival Rates 1950-1954 5-Year Relative Survivai Rates 1992-1998 Primary Site 5-Year Relative Survival Rates 1950-1954 5-Year Relative Survival Rates 1992-1998... 

FIGURE 6. Toxicity of BMS to wild-type (TK ) and FsTdR TK6 lymphoblasts. Cells were exposed to the indicated BMS concentration for 24 hr. After treatment, the relative surviving fraction was determined by plating in microwells. (O, A) Wild-type control ( ) mixed FsTdR mutants (4 BMS-induced clones and 2 ICR-191-induced clones) (A) BMS-induced FsTdR mutants. Two experiments with different mutant populations were performed on different days and yielded somewhat different surviving fractions for the same exposure conditions. 

Mutagenic agent Dose Relative survival (%) Mutation rate (mutations/locus/generation) IRF ... 

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