Near-infrared instruments

We will begin with the next chapter with an analysis of the effect of one of the most common cases constant detector noise, typical of mid-infrared and near-infrared instruments. 

D.L. Wetzel, Contemporary near-infrared instrumentation, in Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries, P. Williams and K. Norris (eds), 2nd edn, American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc., St. Paul, MN, 2001. 

Feam, T., Standardization and calibration transfer for near infrared instruments a review, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc., 9, 229-244, 2001. 

M. R. Smith, R. D. Jee, A. C. Moffat, D. R. Rees, and N. W. Broad, A procedure for calibration transfer between near-infrared instruments—a worked example using a transmittance single tablet assay for piroxicam in intact tablets. Analyst 129... 

Infrared spectroscopy instrumentation is almost as widely varying as the applications. Mid-infrared instrumentation today consists almost exclusively of Fourier transform instruments. Although dispersive mid-IR instruments are still used, only a few manufacturers still produce these instruments. Dispersive mid-IR instruments have found a niche in the process monitoring field. Near-infrared instrumentation, on the other hand, is still dominated by dispersive instruments. Recently, some manufacturers have begun to offer near-IR instruments with Fourier transform mechanics and optics. 

Given the weak absorption in the near-infrared region, why do near-infrared instruments function with reasonable sensitivity ... 

Osborne, B.G. Fearn, T. Hindle, P.H. (1993). Practical NIR Spectroscopy with Applications in Food and Beverage Analylis. Cap. 4 Frmdamentals of near infrared instrumentation, pp. 7i-76. Longman Scientific Technical... 

By the use of near-infrared instrumentation designed specifically for the process environment, the isocyanate content of a urethane polymerisation reaction is monitored in real-time. A standard error of prediction of 0.15% is achieved. Real-time chemical process and analysis yields improvement in product consistency and quality while maximising process efficiency. 4 refs. 

P. C. Williams, B. N. Thompson, D. Wetzel, G. W. McKay, D. Loewen. Near-infrared instruments in flour mill quality control. Cereal Foods World26 234—237,1981. 

K. I. Hildrum, B. N. Nilsen, F. Westad, and N. M. Wahlgren, In-Line Analysis of Ground Beef Using a Diode Array Near Infrared Instrument on a Conveyor Belt, J. Near Infrared Spectrosc., 12 367-376... 

J.S. Shenk, M.O. Westerhaus, and P. Berzaghi, Investigation of a LOCAL calibration procedure for near infrared instruments. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 5, 223-232 (1997). 

Near-infrared instruments of the UV-VIS-NIR type have become commercially available about 1955 with applications for agricultural commodities. Instruments designed specifically for measuring NIR energy reflected from solids have been commercially available as from 1971 [214] the development of these devices was pioneered by Norris [215]. The first successful uses of modem MRS were in the 1100-2500 nm region. NIR instrumentation is now extremely varied from UV-VIS-NIR to FTIR instm-ments, NIR reflectance instruments, PAS technology, on-line and portable analysers. 

Detection and Estimation of Minor Components. The differential method had been developed to a high state of perfection by workers in the rock-salt infrared region before near-infrared instrumentation became readily available. Near-infrared workers have since exploited it extensively. 

The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility Cryogenic Echelle Spectrograph (CSHELL see Greene et al. 1993) is a new near-infrared instrument which h2is adequate sensitivity, spatial, and spectral resolution to advance our observational knowledge of the morphologies and kinematics of outflows. 

---