Naturalness tests

A further problem can occnr in that it is sometimes difficult to compare results from tests carried out at different times and under different conditions. Just because a system scores 3.5 in one test it is not necessarily better than another system that scored 3.2 in a different test. MOS tests are probably best seen as ranking tests, such that if, say, five systems are compared in a single test we can rank them with confidence, but should be wary of comparing their absolute scores with those from other tests. Some investigators include some natural speech in MOS tests, since this should always achieve a score of 5 and hence anchor the scale. A common technique that bypasses the problem of absolute quality judgements is to perform comparison tests. This is often done when a developer wishes to assess the quality contribution from a new component or technique. The same sentence is played through the old and new synthesisers and a listener is asked which is preferred (without of course knowing which system is which) [462]. 

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FEA does not replace prototype testing rather, the two are complementary in nature. Testing supplies only one basic answer about a design that either passed or failed. It does not quantify results, because it is not possible to know from testing alone how close to the point of passing or failing a design actually exists. FEA does, however, provide information with which to quantify performance. 

The test material is chosen to fulfill the aims of the study. In a proficiency testing scheme or a method validation study, the test material is usually as near as possible to typical field samples. There is no advantage in competently analyzing an artificial sample if the same laboratory has difficulty with real samples. The organizing laboratory must know the composition of the test material, and must be sure that the analyte for which a quantity is to be measured is present in about the desired amount. For pure materials this is not a problem, but for natural test materials or complex matrix materials, the organizing laboratory may have to do some analyses before the samples can be sent out to the participants. If the value of the measurand is to be established by an independent laboratory before the study, then the identity requirement is also fulfilled when the measurand is stated. 

Ash.—From 1 to 2 grams of the colophony are carefully charred in a tared dish, which is then heated more strongly either over a bunsen flame or in a muffle to complete incineration. The ash is weighed and then examined to ascertain its nature, tests being made especially for lime, lead oxide, lead chromate, manganese oxide and ferric oxide (see also section 9),... 

In batch manufacturing, the closest thing to a line stop is when the batch color fails to meet specifications and either requires a formulation adjustment or must be scrapped. Decisions are more of a go-no go nature. Testing variation more often than not accounts for a large portion of the perceived batch-to-batch variability. Typically, generating batch color data occurs from a single grab sample, or better still a composite sample. 

To obtain a measure of progress at each iteration—and possibly halt computations if necessary—a natural test involves the convergence of the sequence of iterates x as well as the corresponding function value f(xk). A suitable combination can be formulated as... 

Lomas, M. W., Kana, T. M., MacIntyre, H. L., ComweU, J., Nuzzi, R., and Waters, R. M. (2004). Interannual variability of Aureococcus anophagefferens in Quanmck Bay, Long Island Natural test of the DON hypothesis. Harmful Algae 3, 389 02. 

Maintenance of up-to-date records of studies, their nature, test systems used, completion dates and names of study directors. 

As a result of the conducted studies the pattern of possible transformations and migration of sulphur and nitrogen oxides within the atmosphere of the investigated region taken as the experimental natural test-field is proposed (Figure 5). 

Kleinschmidt, and Schroder, (1962). Auswertung der Naturversuchtie liber das Ver-kalten von Metall- und Kunstoffuberzugen sowie Rostschutzenstrichenfur den Stahl-Wasserbau (Evaluation of natural tests on the performance of metallic and decorative coatings for steel use in the water industry). Information sheets of Bundesanstalt fur Wasserbau (in German), 120 pp. 

The unpredictable scheduling and high dollar costs of all-weather natural testing have brought much of the environmental testing into laboratories or other testing centers. 

Interannual variability of Aureococcus anophagefferens in Quantuck Bay, Long Island natural test of the DON hypothesis. Harmful Algae 3 389-402. 

Gardner light transmittance -85.5% haze - 13.2% gloss - 47% 78 105 99 Makrolon 3203 Miles Specimen Merlon M-50 UV stabilized, natural tested, Makrolon 3203 is replacement... 

The electrochemical process of corrosion is complex, and the corrosion rate depends on myriad physical and chemical parameters. Different degrees of corrosive attack are often observed at different locations on the same part seemingly exposed to the same corrosive environment. Figure 7.6 shows typical uniform general corrosion on a steel tube. Most areas show relatively imiform corrosion, while an unusually severe corrosive attack at one location has penetrated through the tube thickness. Multiple corrosion mechanisms can be activated therefore, different failure modes predominate in accelerated and natural tests. This might require the use of different corrosion models in corrosion rate calculation and introduce different confidence levels in... 

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