Natural organic matter properties

Erimmel F.H. (1998). Impact of light on the properties of aquatic natural organic matter (NOM). Environment International 24 559-571. 

When applying LFERs such as Eq. 9-38, the variability in compound properties and the structural variability of filter-passing natural organic matter are... 

Why is natural organic matter (NOM) such an important sorbent for all organic compounds What types of organic phases may be present in a given system What are the most important properties of NOM with respect to the sorption of organic... 

Chin, Y. P., C. R. Swank, S. J. Traina, and D. Backhus. 1998. Abundance and properties of natural organic matter in the pore waters of a freshwater wetland. Limnology and Oceanography 43 1287. 

Historically, attention on soil organic matter (SOM) has focused on the central role that it plays in ecosystem fertility and soil properties, but in the past two decades the role of soil organic carbon in moderating atmospheric C02 concentrations has emerged as a critical research area.This chapter will focus on the storage and turnover of natural organic matter in soil (SOM), in the context of the global carbon cycle. 

Gamier, C., Mounier, S., and Benaim, J. Y. (2004). Influence of dissolved organic carbon content on modelling natural organic matter acid-base properties. Water Res. 38, 3685-3692. 

Muller, M. B., Schmitt, D., and Frimmel, F. H. (2000). Fractionation of natural organic matter by size exclusion chromatography—Properties and stability of fractions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34,4867 872. 

Spectroscopic techniques have received increased attention for the study of natural organic matter (NOM) over the past decades (Hatcher et al., 2001 Abbt-Braun et al., 2004). Such techniques allow the determination of molecular speciation in many cases without the need for extractions, derivatization, or hydrolysis. Spectroscopy is generally less selective in nature than for example chemical extraction techniques, even of chemically or thermally recalcitrant compounds (Frimmel et al., 2002 Haberstroh et al., 2006), though important restrictions for specific bonds apply for some spectroscopic techniques. Equally important are the potentials to investigate the spatial relationships between NOM and mineral phases, surface properties and alteration, and micro-scale heterogeneity within NOM. With improved capabilities and access to synchrotron facilities, worldwide efforts in applying an entire range of powerful spectroscopic tools have proliferated in all areas of science. 

Used widely in synthetic macromolecular and natural biopolymer fields to evaluate structural and thermodynamic properties of macromolecular materials, thermal analytical methods have been applied to assist in the characterization of natural organic matter (NOM). Originally applied to whole soils, early thermal studies focused on qualitative and quantitative examination of soil constituents. Information derived from such analyses included water, organic matter, and mineral contents (Matejka, 1922 Tan and Hajek, 1977), composition of organic matter (Tan and Clark, 1969), and type of minerals (Matejka, 1922 Hendricks and Alexander, 1940). Additional early studies applied thermal analyses in a focused effort for NOM characterization, including structure (Turner and Schnitzer, 1962 Ishiwata, 1969) and NOM-metal complexes (e.g., Schnitzer and Kodama, 1972 Jambu et al., 1975a,b Tan, 1978). Summaries of early thermal analytical methods for soils and humic substances may be found in Tan and Hajek (1977) and Schnitzer (1972), respectively, while more current reviews of thermal techniques are provided by Senesi and Lof-fredo (1999) and Barros et al. (2006). 

DeLapp, R. C., and LeBoeuf, E. J. (2003). A proposal for the establishment of a database of thermodynamic properties of natural organic matter. In Humic Substances Nature s Most Versatile Materials, Ghabbour, E. A., and Davies, G., eds., Taylor and Francis, New York,... 

Bose P, Bezbarua BK, Reckhow DA. Effect of ozonation on some physical and chemical properties of aquatic natural organic matter. Ozone Sci Eng 1994 16 89-112. 

The key processes operating on photolysis of natural organic matter remain unclear with an apparent interplay between quinone and hydrox-ycarboxylate properties. The implications of these functionalities to iron transformation in natural systems require additional attention. 

Nurmi J. T. and Tratnyek P. G. (2002) Electrochemical properties of natural organic matter (NOM), fractions of NOM, and model bieogeochemical electron shuttles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 617-624. 

The octanol - water partition coefficient, Aiow, for an organic compound is the ratio of the compound concentration in octanol saturated with water to that in water saturated in octanol. This property of the VOC can be used to estimate as it is directly related to the tendency of a compound to partition in natural organic matter from aqueous solution (Karickhoff, 1981). The octanol-water partition coefficient also provides a measure of the propensity of a compound to bioaccumulate (Rathbun, 1998) in fatty tissue of aquatic biota. Values of are provided in Table 5. 

Alberts, J. J., Takacs, M., McElvaine, M., and Judge, K., Apparent size distribution and spectral properties of natural organic matter isolated from six rivers in southeastern Georgia, USA, In Humic Substances, Structures, Models and Functions, Ghabbour, E. and Davies, G., Eds., The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp. 179-190, 2001. 

Korshin G.V., Li C.-W., Benjamin M.M. (1997b), Monitoring the properties of natural organic matter through UV spectroscopy a consistent theory. Water Research, 31, 7, 1787-1795,... 

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