Natural grass

A grass-like artificial surface was installed for the first time in 1964, at Moses Brown School (Providence, Rhode Island) (1). In 1966, artificial turf was installed in the Houston Astrodome in Texas. These surfaces consisted of green pigmented, nylon-6,6 pile ribbon, with a cross-section resembling that of natural grass. Since that period, other fabrics of various pile ribbon and constmctions have continued to become available commercially for indoor and outdoor facihties. 

By way of comparison, for natural grass playing fields in late autumn ranges from about 75 for wet fields to 280 for fro2en turf (8). The intermediate values observed depend on soil type, moisture, condition, and other variables. 

Davidson, C. I., Miller, J. M., and Pleskow, M. A. (1982) The influence of surface structure on predicted particle dry deposition to natural grass canopies, Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 18, 25-44. 

At the beginning of April, 30 adult, marked females and 10 males were introduced into a 36 m enclosure. The natural grass covered the enclosure floor, but the animals were fed with the same diet as those maintained in laboratory. At the end of each month, bank voles were caught with live-traps. The number of animals and their marks were checked. Nonmarked, young animals were assumed to have been born in the month of trapping. 

Castano VM et al (1995) Polyester resin reinforcement with natural grass. J Reinforced Plast Compos 14(8) 866-888... 

Davidson, C.I., Miller, J.M., Pleskow, M.A., 1982. The influence of surface structure on predicted particle dry deposition to natural grass canopies. Water Air Soil Pollut. 18, 25—43. Davidson, C.I., Goold, W.D., Mathison, T.P., Wiersma, G.B., Brown, K.W., Reilly, M.T., 1985. Airborne trace elements in Great Smoky Mountains, Olympic and Glacier National Parks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 27—35. 

Fabrics are exposed to direct sunlight, use of a natural grass base and animal manure starts the bleaching process. 

Polysaccharides are macromolecules which make up a large part of the bulk of the vegetable kingdom. Cellulose and starch are, respectively, the first and second most abundant organic compounds in plants. The former is present in leaves and grasses the latter in fruits, stems, and roots. Because of their abundance in nature and because of contemporary interest in renewable resources, there is a great deal of interest in these compounds. Both cellulose and starch are hydrolyzed by acids to D-glucose, the repeat unit in both polymer chains. 

Aliphatic-Garboxylics. There are only two herbicides present in this class, trichloroacetate [76-03-9] (TCA) and dalapon [75-99-0]. These are used primarily for the selective control of annual and perennial grass weeds in cropland and noncropland (2,299). Dalapon is also used as a selective aquatic herbicide (427). Dalapon and TCA are acidic in nature and are not strongly sorbed by sods. They are reported to be rapidly degraded in both sod and water by microbial processes (2,427). However, the breakdown of TCA occurs very slowly when incubated at 14—15°C in acidic sods (428). Timing not only accelerates this degradation but also increases the numbers of TCA-degrading bacteria. An HA has been issued for dalapon, but not TCA (269). 

Nature produces a tremendous amount of methyl aleohol, simply by the fermentation of wood, grass, and other materials made to some degree of eellulose. In faet, methyl aleohol is known as wood aleohol, along with names sueh as wood spirits and methanol (its proper name the proper names of all aleohols end in -ol). Methyl aleohol is a eolorless liquid with a eharaeteristie aleohol odor. It has a flash point of 54°F, and is highly toxie. It has too many eommereial uses to list here, but among them are as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol (the addition of the toxie ehemieal methyl aleohol to ethyl aleohol in order to form denatured aleohol), antifreezes, gasoline additives, and solvents. No further substitution of hydroxyl radieals is performed on methyl aleohol. 

The purest specimens which have been prepared of natural citral, either from lemon-grass oil, lemon oil, or the oil of Tetranthem citrata, have the following characters —... 

Nature uses cellulose primarily as a structural material to impart strength and rigidity to plants. Leaves, grasses, and cotton, for instance, are primarily cellulose. Cellulose also serves as raw material for the manufacture of cellulose acetate, known commercially as acetate rayon, and cellulose nitrate, known as guncotton. Guncotton is the major ingredient in smokeless powder, the explosive propellant used in artillery shells and in ammunition for firearms. 

R. Giovanoli, Natural and synthetic manganese nodules , in Geology and Geochemistry of Manganese , Vol. 1 (Eds. I. M. Varentsov, G. Grassely), Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1980. 

In nearly every pharmacy, supermarket, and health food store, you can find bottles of antioxidants and antioxidant-rich natural products, such as fish oils, Gingko biloba leaves, and wheat grass. These dietary supplements are intended to help the body control its population of radicals and, as a result, slow aging and degenerative diseases such as heart failure and cancer. 

Penman, H. L. (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 193, 120-145. 

---