National Lead Laboratory

Use of an NLLAP (National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program)-approved laboratory. 

Provides a state-by-state list of laboratories approved by EPA s National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP) and recommended for analyzing paint chips, dust wipes, and/or soil. Also information on specific XRF instruments. 

Laboratory analysis of lead in paint chips should only be carried out by those laboratories certified for such analyses by the U.S. EPA National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program (NLLAP), using approved laboratory methods. Use of AAS methodology, particularly in the ICP-AAS configuration, is the common approach. Another routine method is anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). 

Of the 10 experiments in which the proposed rule practices were used and in which the practices prohibited in this final rule were not used, all final lead-based paint dust levels were at or below the regulatory hazard standard (taking into account the accepted level of uncertainty— that is, within plus or minus 20%, which is the performance criteria for the National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program. In fact, four experiments resulted in levels that were less than 10 Xg/ft, three resulted in levels less than 30 ig/ft, and three resulted in levels that were approximately 40 ig/ft (all were well within the level of... 

Electrical calibration has the advantage of being more flexible. It can afford s0 through equation 7.23 ifitisdone on the reference calorimeter proper. Flowever, it can also be performed on the initial or final state of the actual experiment leading to (e0 + ecl) or (e0 + ecf), respectively. Twenty or 30 years ago the electrical calibration required very expensive instrumentation that was not readily available except in very specialized places, such as the national standards laboratories. Although the very accurate electronic instrumentation that is available today at moderate prices may change the situation, most users of combustion calorimetry still prefer to calibrate their apparatus with benzoic acid. 

The first National Testing Laboratory, applying standardized tests to ensure safety of Red Cross blood products, opens in Dedham, Massachusetts. The Red Cross responds as Hurricane Andrew blasts Florida and leads to multi-year Red Cross aid. 

K later they determined that the drop was a fluke, that subtle shifts in resistance in the contacts between the electrical leads and the sample, and not in the sample itself, were responsible. Sumitomo Electric Industries of Japan came in with 300° K (no confirmation]. In Michigan, researchers at Energy Conversion Devices announced that part of a synthetic material made of fluorine (a highly dangerous yellow gas), yttrium, barium, and copper oxide had superconducted at 45° to 90° F. (The part that super-conducted, it turned out, represented less than 1 percent of the material tested, and the samples were far too small to lose all resistance. It is incredibly difficult to identify the exact portion of any material that shows superconductivity and then produce a pure sample of it.) In New Delhi, at the National Physical Laboratory, scientists saw evidence of superconductivity in material heated to 80° F, but the electrical signals were misleading, an artifact of the measurement process. 

The work carried out under the VAM programme covers three broad technical themes - chemical measurement, physical measurement and biologically based analytical measurement. LGC is the lead contractor and works together with the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and Atomic Energy Authority Technology (AEAT) in delivering the VAM programme. 

Mission. The U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense is the nation s lead laboratory for research to advance the medical prevention and treatment of chemical warfare casualties. The Institute also has a clinical training mission and conducts the Medical Management of Chemical Casualties Course for health care providers from all armed services. 

The Lab-to-Lab (or site-to-site) component involves projects between U.S. DOE national laboratories and Minatom research institutes and industrial sites in Russia. The corresponding proposed lead laboratories on this effort are the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute (KRI) in St. Petersburg, Russia. The Lab-to-Lab program will promote improved safety methodologies and their application to nuclear facilities for excess HEU and plutonium storage and disposition and improve training for facility operators. 

Second, the lead laboratories will be the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on the U.S. side and the Khlopin Radium Institute on the Russian side. They will lead and coordinate the Lab-to Lab program. Third, other U.S. laboratory and Russian institutes and industrial sites will also participate in the program. 

Whether your sample is collected with a wipe or a vacuum, it should be sent to a laboratory certified by either the NLLAP or ELPAT. To be sure the laboratory is certified to analyze for lead in dust, call the National Safety CounciTs National Lead Information Clearinghouse (NLIC) hotline at 800-424-LEAD or one of the agencies that run the accreditation programs, listed in Appendix B, under Testing/Laboratory Analysis. 

Results of XRF testing will generally indicate whether the paint tested is safe (below a certain cutoff) or hazardous (above a certain cutoff). Some XRF results, however, may fall between the two cutoffs and be inconclusive. In that case, a paint chip will be sent to a laboratory to be analyzed, as described above. For detailed information on specific XRF instruments, call the National Lead Information Clearinghouse, listed in Appendix B, under Testing/Laboratory Analysis. The NLAC, listed in Appendix B, under Inspectors/Risk Assessors, is compiling a list of proficient XRF operators. 

Lumsden, J, 1971. The physical chemistry of the lead blast furnace, in Proceedings Metallurgical Chemistry Symposium (ed O Kubaschewski), pp 533-548 (National Physical Laboratory, HMSO London). 

Fabio Della Sala leads the theoretical and computational division of the National Nanotechnology Laboratory of CNR, Lecce, Italy. He is an expert in density functional theory methods, computational material science, organic and inorganic optoelectronics, and computational nano-plasmonics. 

M. Du ek, J. Nottay, and C. Hunt, Compatibility of Lead-Free Solders with PCB Materials, National Physical Laboratory,... 

Martin Wickham, National Physical Laboratory, "Voiding Occurrence and Reliability Issues with Lead-free."... 

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