Painting, analyzing

The Praying Mantis and its high-temperature reaction chamber have been used for studying temperature-induced wavelength changes in Thermal Liquid Crystal Paint, analyzing gas-soUd reactions such as heterogeneous catalysis, and routine analysis of powders and solids. Application notes can be found at www.harricksci.com. 

PGT model XK-3 lead-in-paint analyzer Princeton Gamma-Tech, Inc. 1200 State Rd. Princeton, NJ 08540 (609) 924-7310 0.0-10 0.5... 

Microlead I X-ray fluorescence lead-based-paint analyzer Warrington, Inc. 2113 Wells Branch Parkway Austin, TX 78728 (512) 251-7771 0.0-100 0.3... 

Industrial Analysis UV/Vis molecular absorption is used for the analysis of a diverse array of industrial samples, including pharmaceuticals, food, paint, glass, and metals. In many cases the methods are similar to those described in Tables 10.6 and 10.7. For example, the iron content of food can be determined by bringing the iron into solution and analyzing using the o-phenanthroline method listed in Table 10.6. 

Examination. Microscopic examination (123) can identify the fibers present ia the pulp (124). Inks, watercolor pigments and media, etc, are analyzed similarly to the pigments and media for paintings. However, sample removal tends to be far more disfigutiag and hence constitutes an even more restrictive factor. Watermarks are studied with the aid of beta-radiography. Examination ia iafrared illumination can assist ia the reading of documents of which the ink has faded. 

The introduction of rfpowered sources has extended the capability of GD-OES to non-conductors, and several rf sources of different design have become commercially available. This is of the greatest importance for surface and depth-profile analysis, because there exists a multitude of technically and industrially important non-conductive coating materials (e. g. painted coatings and glasses) which are extremely difficult to analyze by any other technique. 

To demonstrate the use of such a comparative cost analysis, the production of a panel was analyzed according to different processes (Fig. 9-6). In these case studies the following conditions existed (1) the panels measured 61 x 91 cm (24 x 36 in.) with the wall thickness dictated by the process and part requirements so that the weights of the panels differed (2) production was at a level of 40,000/yr. (3) the plastics for all panels were of the same type, except that different grades had to be used, based on the process requirements, so that costs changed (4) each panel received one coat of paint, except that the structural foam also had a primer coating and (5) costs were allocated as needed to those processes that required trimming and other secondary operations. 

Leaded Paint. The lead content of paint on the interiors of houses was determined by x-ray fluorescence analyzers. The same location was used in each room of each individual house. Fifty percent of the determinations were made on painted walls, and the other fifty percent were made on the trim paint. The precision of these instruments is +. 2 milligrams per square centimeter. Therefore, values of. 7 or greater are considered to represent at least 0.5 mg/cm. ... 

Archaeological Artifacts. A Lekythos Greek vase (500 years b.c.) was analyzed by backscattering Mbssbauer spectroscopy [365, 366]. This Lekythos vase has three black human figures with small red-painted details painted on a yellow-fired clay... 

R. Van Ham, L. Van Vaeck, F. Adams and A. Adriaens, Feasibility of analyzing molecular pigments in paint layers using TOF S SIMS, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 383,991 997 (2005). 

Detecting known substances, and determining their quantity, is also important. In synthetic research, it is essential to know the relative proportions of various reaction products. In manufacturing, it is important to detect any impurities in the product and to determine whether they are present in a significant amount. Analytical characterization is critical in pharmaceutical products, for instance. Products for practical uses—paint or adhesives, for example—will typically consist of several components. For proper and reliable performance it is important to measure the amounts of each of the components as part of a manufacturing quality control system. Manufacturers also commonly need to analyze the raw materials they receive, measuring the amounts of various substances in them to be sure that the material meets their requirements. Before it can be correctly processed into steel, iron ore must be analyzed to determine how much of other components need to be added to produce a metal alloy of the desired composition and properties. 

The present study deals with two types of paints applied on phosphated steel, the influence of temperatures upto 90 C and immersion times upto 10 days. The results obtained are analyzed in the light of published information briefly described in this section. An electrical equivalent circuit similar to the one used by Muslanl et al (27) is considered suitable for the analysis. 

The vodka advertisement is most certainly inspired—even if indirectly—by any number of early modern genre paintings, especially from the Lowlands of the seventeenth century, the most intense temporal and spatial confluence of alchemical visibilia. In particular, the two popular genres that the ad evokes are (a) a doctor (or, in some variants, a quack) analyzing a urine sample of a patient, and (b) the alchemist in his... 

Lead may he analyzed hoth in aqueous and nonaqueous matrices hy x-ray techniques. High concentration of the metal in paint chips can he measured rapidly and nondestructively hy x-ray fluorescence. 

Several studies have reported antibodies being produced in response to an HDl inhalation exposures. In one study, 149 men and 1 woman were selected to prospectively evaluate any clinical signs of illness associated with HDl exposure and, by blood antibody production, to both HDl and HDl trimer. These workers were employed in a factory that spray-painted trucks with paint containing HDl and HDl trimer. Questionnaires were distributed that asked about clinical symptomology, blood samples were taken periodically for antibody determination, and the ambient air in their work environment was sampled for HDl and HDl trimer concentrations over an 18-month period. Serum samples were analyzed via an ELISA for antibodies to HDl and/or HDl trimer. Mean levels of exposure for both HDl and HDl trimer were found to be extremely variable. For the HDl monomer, the levels were between <0.08 and... 

This is the kind of information that one may obtain, using the detector without sampling of a painting. Figure 15 shows the setup for analyzing a painting in which a tan ribbon is aligned with the center of the detector. The spectrum obtained is shown at the bottom and is that of a typical natural yellow ochre. 

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