National energy laboratories future

Conversations with many colleagues around the globe contributed greatly to this review. Comments on a draft manuscript by S. Alapati, B. Bhatia, J. James, R. Rankin, and D. Sorescu were extremely helpful. The hospitality of the Division of Chemical Engineering at the University of Queensland, where this review was written, was much appreciated. My own work in this area has been supported by the NSF (CTS-0216170), the DOE Catalysis Futures Program, the National Energy Technology Laboratory, and the donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund. 

Milbrandt, A., Overend, R. P. (2008). The future of liquid biofuels for APEC economies. APEC Energy Working Group. APEC 208-RE-1.8. Golden, CO National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 

U.S. House Committee on Science, Subcommittee on Basic Research. (1995). Alternative Futures for the Department of Energy National Laboratories The Galvin Report and National laboratories Need Clearer Missions and Better Management, A GAO Report to the Secretaiy of Energy. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office. 

An overview is given of plutonium process chemistry used at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Rocky Flats, and Savannah River sites, with particular emphasis on solution chemistry involved in recovery, purification, and waste treatment operations. By extrapolating from the present system of processes, this paper also attempts to chart the future direction of plutonium process development and operation. Areas where a better understanding of basic plutonium chemistry will contribute to development of improved processing are indicated. 

This is an emerging technology being researched at the U.S. Department of Energy s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. To date, EBDP has only been tested in the laboratory, but field tests are expected in the future. Although the process is ex situ, the equipment can be transported for on-site processing. 

The interface which runs these codes carries out extensive checks on input so that a user cannot attempt to carry out calculations for non-existent orbitals, or energies below the threshold for a transition. It is hoped that similar methods of allowing users to access codes at other institutions will be developed. Preliminary work is now being carried out at the Los Alamos National Laboratory to determine the feasibility of making some of the atomic physics codes from that institution available to outside users. If this effort is successful it is hoped that similar efforts can be initiated at other institutions so that in the future it will be possible to generate data for a wide range of processes of interest to fusion energy research. 

Recent Battelle research further indicates that early offsets to emissions through soil carbon sequestration can buy additional time, at low cost, for future steep emissions reductions (Rosenberg et ciL, 1999). Although there are important questions to be answered, the potential is sufficiently significant so that the U.S. Department of Energy plans to establish a new Terrestrial Garbon Sequestration Center, to be jointly implemented by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (both administered by Battelle), in collaboration with several universities. 

When FCEVs are introduced to the market, however, they will most likely compete with vehicles that are far more energy efficient. Table 12.2 shows the efficiency advantages of ECEVs over future grid-independent HEVs expected by the European WtW database (Edwards et al., 2007) and the GREET model in the US Argonne National Laboratory (2008). ... 

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