National Bureau of Standards, USA

Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie, France International Organization for Standardization ISO Council Committee on Reference Materials International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry Laboratory of the Government Chemist, UK, formerly NPL National Bureau of Standards, USA, now NIST National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, UK Japanese National Institute for Environmental Studies National Institute of Occup. Health, Oslo, Norway National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, formerly NBS,... 

Certified value bSO, reference soils from Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology NBS National Bureau of Standards, USA IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria... 

It is advisable to include in the sample run standard materials of a type similar to the samples being examined. Standard biological materials and river sediments are available from the National Bureau of Standards USA. 

Eisenman, G. Ion Selective Electrodes National Bureau of Standards (USA) Special Publications. Washington, D.C., 1969 p. 314. 

G. Eisenman, in Ton Selective Electrodes , ed. R. A. Durst, National Bureau of Standards, USA, Special Publication 314, Washington DC, 1969. 

Absolute luminescence quantum yield measurements are not made in photophysical practice and are left to specialized laboratories such as the National Physical Laboratory (UK) or the National Bureau of Standards (USA). These provide the quantum yields of a variety of primary standards that are used in practice to determine an unknown quantum yield e. First the luminescence spectrum of the primary standard is measured, and then that of the unknown sample is compared with it as the ratio of the integrated spectra. 

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Dr. Masao Kotani, President of the University for his kind advice and discussions. The authors also are indebted to Dr. Yaichi Ayukawa, the former director of Nakatanl Memorial Laboratory, Far East Division of Com Product Corporation USA, for flnaclal aid and encouragement of this study and to Drs. W. Braun and Peterson, National Bureau of Standards USA, for their kind advice and helps in revising the manuscript. Finally, the authors sincerely express their hearty thanks to Dr. David A. Brant, Professor of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, for his kind invitation to 179th ACS National Meeting, Houston, March, 1980. 

Judging from the temperature index value, determined by the methodology of the research organisation, the National Bureau of Standards, USA, temperature limits of the aromatic polyimide (PI) Capton (Russian version is PM film), within which the material retains 30% of exploitation properties for 30 thousand hours, is 200-220 °C. PM absorbs 0.5 mole of 02/base-mole at 200 °C during 2000 hours of oxidation and 0.2 mol/base-mole CO2 is released. At 250 °C, the kinetics of O2 absorption displays all specific features. The film absorbs 3.5 mole of 02/base-mole during 5000 hours. The kinetic curve has three stages ... 

Table 5- Yields of ground states and isomeric states produced by thermal neutron capture. From L. Seren, H. N. Friedlander and S. H. Turkel, Phys. Rev. 72, 888 (1947) and National Bureau of Standards (USA) Circular Number 499-...

This work would not have been possible without the insight and ideas of Bill Phillips. 1 also wish to acknowledge the help of J. Prodan, A. Migdall, T. Bergeman, 1. So, and J. Dalibard. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (USA) and the National Bureau of Standards (USA). 

Kessler Abrasion Tester. Apparatus designed by the National Bureau of Standards, USA, for the determination of the abrasion resistance of floor tiles and quarries. A notched steel wheel is mounted on an overhanging frame so that a definite and constant weight bears on the test-piece as the wheel revolves No. 60 artificial corundum is fed at a specified rate between the wheel and the test-piece, which is mounted in an inclined position. (D. W. Kessler, Nat. Bur. Stand. Tech. News Bull., 34,159,1950.) Ketteler-Helmholz Formula. A formula for the optical dispersion of a glass ... 

To verify the technique the viscosity-temperature curve of the NBS (National Bureau of Standards, USA) 711 glass was determined using a Nimonic 105 indenter. The TMA was set to ramp at 100°C/min to 40°C below the required temperature and then at 10°C/min to the set temperature. The force (F) applied to the sample was chosen by estimating the... 

In tests carried out by the National Bureau of Standards in the USA specimens of copper alloys, lead, zinc and zinc alloys were buried at a number of different sites for periods varying from 11 to 14 years. The soils tested covered a pH range from 2-6 to 9-4 and resistivities ranged from 62 to 17 800 fi cm. The weight losses and maximum depths of pitting were recorded, and the results indicated that the most severe corrosion occurred in soils of poor aeration having high acid and soluble-salt contents. 

Estimates were made by Uhlig in the USA. Worner in Australia, and Vernon in the UK, in which the cost of protection and prevention were added to the cost of deterioration due to corrosion. These early estimates were made by individual scientists from cost information from new major industries scaled up to a national level, and were of the order of 1-1.5% of GNP. More detailed estimates were subsequently made by the Committee on Corrosion and Protection (the Hoar Committee) in the UK, and Payer etal. for the National Bureau of Standards in the USA. The later estimates were around 3.5-4% of GNP, the higher figure reflected factors not covered in the earlier surveys, which were, moreover, based on organisations which had probably already taken action to minimise their corrosion costs. Estimates have since been made for other European countries which tend to confirm the higher figure. 

Payer,. H. et al.. Economic Effects of Corrosion in the USA, NBS Special Publication 511-1, 511-2, National Bureau of Standards, Washington (1978)... 

Commercial processes Commercial electroless nickel plating stems from an accidental discovery by Brenner and Riddell made in 1944 during the electroplating of a tube, with sodium hypophosphite added to the solution to reduce anodic oxidation of other bath constituents. This led to a process available under licence from the National Bureau of Standards in the USA. Their solutions contain a nickel salt, sodium hypophosphite, a buffer and sometimes accelerators, inhibitors to limit random deposition and brighteners. The solutions are used as acid baths (pH 4-6) or, less commonly, as alkaline baths (pH 8-10). Some compositions and operating conditions are given in Table 13.17 . 

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in Great Britain, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in USA, etc. 

Many of these are also available as BCS Certified Reference Materials (CRM) supplied by the Bureau of Analysed Samples Ltd, Newham Hall, Middles borough, UK, who also supply EURONORM Certified Reference Materials (ERCM), the composition of which is specified on the basis of results obtained by a number of laboratories within the EEC. BCS Reference Materials are obtainable from the Community Bureau of Reference, Brussels, Belgium. In the USA similar reference materials are supplied by the National Bureau of Standards. 

Institut de Recherches de la Siderurgie Francaise (IRSID), France. National Bureau of Standards (NBS), USA. 

Chemical Kinetics Division, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA... 

When the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) was founded in 1925, one of its chief roles was to be a source of standards. In this context we mean standard organisms, rather than standard materials or chemicals known as Reference Materials or Certified Reference Materials and issued in the USA by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). The National Bureau of Standards evolved into NIST and the abbreviation SRM became a trade mark of NIST. 

Bureau Drive, Stop 8311 National Bureau of Standards and Technology (NIST) Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8311, USA E-mail barbara-levin nist.gov... 

V. Babrauskas and J. Krasny, National Bureau of Standards Monograph 173, Gaithersburg, USA. 

JANAF Thermochemical Tables. Hrsg. D. R. Stull und H. Prophet, National Standard Reference Data Series, National Bureau of Standards, Midland, Michigan, USA 2. Aufl. 1971, 4 Erg. Bde. 1974-1982. 

At least a partial solution to this problem is attained by the conventional activity scale method [5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11]. This procedure was first used by Bates and Guggenheim [8] when formulating the operational definition of pH (see [86a], chapter 1), on the basis of which the National Bureau of Standards in the USA developed a method for determining conventional hydrogen ion activities. The basic assumption is the use of the Debye-Hiickel relationship for the individual activity of chloride ions ... 

Physics Dept., McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada and Visiting Member, JILA 1986-87 5JILA, University of Colorado and National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado, USA 3Dept. of Physics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Mass., USA... 

The Data Center on Atomic Transition Probabilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, formerly the National Bureau of Standards, in Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA is continuing its critical data compilation and is also engaged in developing a comprehensive numerical and bibliographical database. 

M.W. chase, JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3rd ed.,1985, American chem. Soc. And the American institute ofphysics for the national Bureau of standard J. phys. Chem. Ref. Data Vol 14, Supplement NO. 1, Michigan 48674 USA, 1985. 

DJ. Wineland, J.C. Bergquist, WM. Itano, F. Diedrich, and C.S. Weimer National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO80303, USA... 

Metallic corrosion, although seemingly innocuous, indeed affects many sectors of a nation s economy. The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in collaboration with Battelle Columbus Laboratory (BCL) studied the costs of corrosion in USA using the input/output model.7 Some elements of the costs of corrosion used in the model are... 

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