Napping technique

The technique most commonly used for objective evaluation of daytime sleepiness is the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). It is composed of a series of naps during which subjects are asked not to resist sleep. The speed of falling asleep on tests across time is the chief outcome of the MSLT, which has achieved widespread acceptance because of its simple, intuitive approach to sleepiness. Hence, the greater levels of sleepiness are indicated by more rapid sleep onsets. Furthermore, the MSLT provides several opportunities to test for sleep-onset rapid-eye-movement (REM) episodes, the primary diagnostic sign of narcolepsy. 

Pure and NaP-modified MnOx-catalysts were used in our study. Due to easy visualization by AFM, the MnOx layer was placed on a Si-wafer substrate (1 cm x 1 cm plate), by a reactive deposition technique. The sample preparation was carried out in a vacuum installation equipped with an resistance evaporator. Metallic manganese (99.8%) as a source and a Si wafer with a surface orientation (111) and resistivity of 7.5 ohm/cm as support, were used. During MnOx deposition, an oxygen partial pressure of ca 10 torr, in dynamic mode, was maintained. Before used for the catalytic purpose, MnOx samples were calcined in air at 700°C for 60min. In order to prepare the NaP-modified catalyst, the MnOx samples were impregnated in a diluted Na4P20 solution (5 wt %), dried and finally calcined at 500° C, in air during 30 min. The interaction with methane was performed in a quartz reactor in a methane atmosphere at 700° 5° C. 

Standoff detection report Existing and potential standoff explosive detection techniques. National Research Coundl. http //books.nap.edu/openbook.php record id=10998... 

The objectives of this study were to quantify the trace metals in PM2 5 of Eastern and Western Canada, to analyze their annual and seasonal trends and identify their source origin, by evaluating a database of trace metal concentrations obtained over a 2-year period (May 2004-December 2006) from the NAPS network. Over 1000 PM2 5 samples collected at seven selected sites were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave assisted acid digestion. This technique offers low detection limits, wide linear dynamic range, multielement capability, ability to measure isotope ratios and high sample throughput. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to identify sources of trace metals at each sampling site. 

Currently, multiple-component, internal gas-assisted and decorative processes are being used more and more frequently in combination with thin-wall techniques. A good example of this is the trend to highly individualized cell phone designs. Decorative processes such as inmold decoration or insertion of preformed, printed foils makes variable coloration of even small run volumes possible. The internal gas-assisted method is used for example to reduce the mass of thick-walled parts and to avoid sink marks minimization of warpage is thus a primary requirement for thin-walled parts. A wide variety of functions can be realized by means of the multiple-component technique, including seals, napped surfaces, improved antishp properties and functional elements, some of which are now still being mounted in complex and expensive additional steps. 

Napping and sorted Napping as a sensory profiling technique... 

The second example is directly focused on the measurement of sensory perceptions of food products. It is a pedagogical example that illustrates perfectly well how sorted Napping can be used as a sensory profiling technique. In this example, eight smoothies were chosen according to two main factors the type of manufacturer (two categories) and the flavour (four categories). 

The representations of the stimuli and of the verbalization data provided by the subjects are actually very similar (including in terms of usage) to the representations issued from classical sensory profile data analysed by PCA. From this perspective. Napping combined with verbalization can be seen as a sensory profiling technique (as, indeed. Napping provides a sensory profile). 

Figure 9.8 speaks for itself and demonstrates the capacity of sorted Napping (or Napping combined with verbalization) to be used as a sensory profiling technique. The comments provided by subjects are rich enough to interpret the dimensions of variability amongst smoothies. 

Data obtained by napping are usually analysed by multiple factor analysis (MEA), a multivariate data analytical technique that seeks the common structure between several blocks of variables (i.e. the individual panellists in a napping task) describing the same observations (the samples), see FactoMineR s website for further information (Husson et al, 2008 Le and Husson, 2008 Le et ah, 2008). MEA can be thought of... 

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