Polyaniline Nanocomposites

Carbon nanotubes are multifunctional materials used as large surface area providing conductive fillers, and are responsible for the enhancement of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of any polymeric nanocomposite. Polyaniline composited with carbon nanotubes show enhanced electronic properties due to the charge transfer processes between polyaniline and carbon nanotubes. Polyaniline/carbon... 

There are several reports of Ag nanocomposites with conducting polymers like polyaniline [38] and polypyrrole [39]. However, electrical conducting properties of green metal - starch... 

PP-g-MA) silicate nanocomposites and intercalated thermoset silicate nanocomposites for flame-retardant applications were characterised by XRD and TEM [333], XRD, TEM and FTIR were also used in the study of ID CdS nanoparticle-poly(vinyl acetate) nanorod composites prepared by hydrothermal polymerisation and simultaneous sulfidation [334], The CdS nanoparticles were well dispersed in the polymer nanorods. The intercalation of polyaniline (PANI)-DDBSA (dodecylbenzene-sulfonate) into the galleries of organo-montmorillonite (MMT) was confirmed by XRD, and significantly large 4-spacing expansions (13.3-29.6A) were observed for the nanocomposites [335],... 

Y. F. Huang, C. W. Lin, Facile synthesis and morphology control of graphene oxide/polyaniline nanocomposites via in-situ polymerization process, Polymer, vol. 53, pp. 2574-2582, 2012. 

Apart from the insulating polymeric matrices, conductive polymers such as polypyrrole and polyaniline have been used as nanocomposite electrodes by chemical or electrochemical polymerization [13, 17, 116, 117]. Such materials provide high conductivity and stability. However, the use of insulating polymers can be more advantageous than the conductive polymers when employed in cyclic voltammetry. 

Nabid MR, Golbabaee M, Moghaddam AB, Dinarvand R, Sedghi R (2008) Polyaniline/Ti02 nanocomposite enzymatic synthesis and electrochemical properties. Int J Electrochem Sci 3(10) 1117-1126... 

Leroux F, Koene BE, Lazar LF. Electrochemical lithium intercalation into a polyaniline/V205 nanocomposite. J Electrochem Soc 1996 143 L181-L183. 

Thiyagarajan M, Samuelson LA, Kumar J et al (2003) Helical conformational specificity of enzymatically synthesized water-soluble conducting polyaniline nanocomposites. J Am Chem Soc 125 11502-11503... 

Challier, T. and Slade, R. C. T. (1994). Nanocomposite materials - polyaniline-intercalated layered double hydroxides. J. Mater. Chem. 4, 367. 

Intercalation of electroactive polymers such as polyaniline and polypyrrole in mica-type layered silicates leads to metal-insulator nanocomposites. The conductivity of these nanocomposites in the form of films is highly anisotropic, with the in-plane conductivity 10 to 10 times higher than the conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the film. Conductive polymer/oxide bronze nanocomposites have been prepared by intercalating polythiophene in V2O5 layered phase, which is analogous to clays. °° Studies of these composites are expected not only to provide a fundamental understanding of the conduction mechanism in the polymers, but also to lead to diverse electrical and optical properties. 

Athawale, A. A., Bhagwat, S. V. Synthesis and characterization of novel copper/polyaniline nanocomposite and application as a catalyst in the Wacker oxidation reaction. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2003, 89, 2412-2417. 

Luo, X. Killard, A. J. Smyth, M. R. Nanocomposite and nano-porous polyaniline conducting polymers exhibit enhanced catalysis of nitrite reduction. Chemistry. 2007, 13, 2138-2143... 

In addition to the above-mentioned conventional polymers, several interesting developments have taken place in the preparation of nanocomposites of MMT with some specialty polymers including the N-heterocyclic polymers like poly (N-vinylcarbazole) (PNVC) [32, 33], polypyrrole (PPY) [34, 35], and polyaromatics such as polyaniline (PANI) [36-38]. PNVC is well known for its high thermal stability [39] and characteristic optoelectronic properties [40-43]. PPY and PANI are known to display electric conductivity [44-46]. Naturally, composites based on these polymers should be expected to lead to novel materials [47,48]. 

M.A. Salem, A.F. Al-Ghonemiy, A.B. Zaki, Photocatal3dic degradation of Allura red and Quinoline yellow with Polyaniline/Ti02 nanocomposite . Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 91, 59-66, (2009). 

Sharma S., Nirkhe C., Pethkar S., and Athawale A. A., Chloroform vapour sensor based on copper/polyaniline nanocomposite. Sens. Actuators B, 85(1), 131-136, 2002. 

Kaushik A., Khan R., Gupta V., Malhotra B. D., Ahmad S., and Singh S. R, Hybrid cross-linked polyaniline-WOj nanocomposite thin film for NO gas sensing, J. Nanosci. NanotechnoL, 9(3), 1792-1796, 2009. 

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