Vapour sensors

Mercury sensors based on thin gold layers require regular calibrations. In ideal cases, the calibration should be performed before each measurement. Therefore, a calibration technique should be compatible with design and concept of the mercury vapour sensor. Several approaches were suggested. 

Polymerized [2]rotaxanes were claimed as good chemical vapour sensors [75]. In thin film form they were sensible to phenol vapours as well as to other H-bond donors such as p-nitrophenol or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. The observed phenomena was reversible and resulted in fluorescence quenching accompanied by a slight bathochromic shift. It was also found that the polymers were apt to metal bonding due to the presence of the tetrahedral pockets. This fact manifested itself in the appearance of an additional absorption band. The sensitivity of a given polymer thin film was proportional to the film porosity defined by steric properties of the R-substituant. The studies and applications of these molecules are just at the beginning. 

Nakatou, M. and Miura, N., Detection combustible hydrogen-containing gases by using impedancemetric zirconia-based water-vapour sensor, Solid State Ionics 176 (2005) 2511-2515. 

To our knowledge, Fido was the first chemical vapour sensor to detect landmines under field conditions. In these blind field tests administered by DARPA, the sensor was able to detect buried TMA5 and PMAIA landmines with the fuses and detonators removed, with shipping plugs capping the detonator well. Canines were also tested at the site during these tests. The performance of Fido was comparable to that of the canines in this test [6]. 

Bavastrello V., Stura E., Carrara S., Erokhin V., and Nicolini C., Poly(2,5-dimethylaniline)-MWNTs nanocomposite A new material for conductimetric acid vapours sensor. Sens. Actuators B, 98, 247-253, 2004. 

Sharma S., Nirkhe C., Pethkar S., and Athawale A. A., Chloroform vapour sensor based on copper/polyaniline nanocomposite. Sens. Actuators B, 85(1), 131-136, 2002. 

Weber 1. T., Andrade R., Leite E. R., and Longo E., A study of the Sn02-Nb205 system for an ethanol vapour sensor A correlation between microstructure and sensor performance, Sens. Actuators B, 72, 180-183, 2001. 

J.W. Grate, S.N. Kaganove, V,R, Bhethanabotla Examination of mass and modulus contributions to thickness shear mode and surface acoustic wave vapour sensor responses using partition coefficients. Pp. 259-83. 

Battle, Y, Ducloux, O., Patout, L., Thobois, P. and Loiseau, A. (2012a) Selectivity enhancement using mesoporous silica thin films for single walled carbon nanotube based vapour sensors . Sensors and Actuators B, 163,121-7. 

De Wit, M., Vanneste, E., Geise, H. J. and Nagels, L. J. (1998) Chemiresistive sensors of electrically conducting poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) and copolymers their responses to nine organic vapours. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical 50, 164-72. 

Bouvree, A., Feller, J.F., Castro, M. et al. (2009) Conductive polymer nano-biocomposites (CPC) chitosan-carbon nanoparticle a good candidate to design polar vapour sensors. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 138, 138-147. 

H. Wohltjen, Mechanism of operation and design considerations for sinface acoustic wave device vapour sensors. Sens. Actuators 5,307-325 (1984)... 

T. Islam, U. Mittal, A. T. Nimal, M. U. Sharma, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) vapour sensor using 70 MHz SAW osdllator/ proceedings Sixth International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST-2012), pp. 112-114 (2012)... 

Bouvree A, Feller JF, Castro M, Grohens Y, Rinaudo M (2009) Conductive Polymer nano-bioComposites (CPC) Chitosan-Carbon Nanoparticle a Good Candidate to Design Polar Vapour Sensors. Sens, actuator B 138 138-147. 

Gao T, Gao J, Sailor M (2002) Tuning the response and stability of thin film mesoporous silicon vapour sensors by surface modification. Am Chem Soc 18(25) 9953-9957... 

Lee J, Choi J, Hong J, Jung D, Shim SE (2010) Conductive sdlicone/acetylene black composite films as chemictil vapour sensors. Synth Met 160 1030-1035... 

Gastro M, Bu J B, Bruzaud S, Kumar B and Feller J F (2009) Carbon nanotubes/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) composite vapour sensors, Carbon 47 1930-1942. 

Parikh K, Cattanach K, Rao R, Suh D-S, Wu A, Mtmohar SK (2006) Flexible vapour sensors using single walled carbon nanotubes. Sens Actuators B 113 55-63... 

Utriainen, M., Karpanoja, E., Paakkanen, H., Combining miniaturized ion mobility spectrometer and metal oxide gas sensor for the fast detection of toxic chemical vapours. Sensors Actuators B, B93, 17-24, 2003. 

H. Wohitjen, Mechanism of Operation Considerations for Surface Acoustic Wave Device Vapour Sensors Sensors and Actuators 5, 305 (1984)... 

Siroky, K. Use of the Seebeck effect for sensing flammable gas and vapours. Sensors Actuators B 1993,17,13-17. 

Parikh, K., Cattanach, K., Rao, R., Suh, D.-S., Wu, A., Manohar, S.K., 2006. Hexihle vapour sensors using single walled carbon nanotubes. Sensors and Actuators B Chemical 113, 55-63. 

P. N. Bartlett and S. K. Ling-Chung, Conducting polymer gas sensors. Part II Response of polypyrrole to methanol vapour. Sensors Actuators B 19 141 (1989). 

Kumar B, Castro M, Feller J-F (2012) Controlled conductive junction gap for chitosan-carbon nanotube quantum resistive vapour sensors. J Mater Chem 22 10656 Pang H, Bao Y, Xu L, Yan D-X, Zhang W-Q, Wang J-H, Li Z-M (2013) Double-segregated carbon nanotube-polymer conductive composites as candidates for liquid sensing materials. J Mater Chem A 1 4177... 

Costello BPD, Ewen RJ et al (2003) Thick film organic vapour sensors based on binary mixtures of metal oxides. Sens Actuators B-Chem 92(1-2) 159-166... 

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