Nanocomposites novolac

Epoxy nanocomposites, 10 350, 434 Epoxy novolac resins, 10 367-370, 383, 450 multifunctional, 10 452 Epoxy novolacs, 17 839 1,2-Epoxypentane, butyraldehyde derivative, 4 462... 

The earliest study cited for the preparation of novolac-layered silicate nanocomposites was reported by scientists from the Toyota Research Center. Usuki et al. modified a sodium-type montmorillonite (MMT) clay with 4-aminophenol hydrochloride in water. The... 

The work on nanocomposites utilizing novolacs and resols can be considered preliminary and promising. The very subtle differences between novolacs and resols appear to have the potential to contribute to significantly different nanocomposite systems. The distinct separation of the silicate layers may provide the basis for the properties of nanocomposites prepared as novolacs or resols. 

Table 2 Cone calorimeter data for modified bisphenol A vinyl ester (Mod-Bis-A Vinyl Ester), bisphenol A novolac vinyl ester (Bis-/Novolac Vinyl Ester) and methylenedianiline and benzyldimaine (BDMA) cured epoxy resins and their intercalated nanocomposites ( ) containing 6% dimethyl dioctadecylammonium-exchanged montmorillonite. Heat flux = 35 kW/m, HRR = heat release rate, MLR = mass loss rate. He = heat of combustion, SEA = specific extinction area [121]...

Choi and Chung [16] were the first to prepare phenolic resin/layered sihcate nanocomposites with intercalated or exfoliated nanostructures by melt interaction using linear novolac and examined their mechanical properties and thermal stability. Lee and Giannelis [10] reported a melt interaction method for phenolic resin/clay nanocomposites, too. Although PF resin is a widely used polymer, there are not many research reports on PF resin/montmorillonite nanocomposites, and most of the research investigations have concentrated on linear novolac resins. Up to now, only limited research studies on resole-type phenolic resin/layered silicate nanocomposites have been published [17-19] and there is still no report on the influence of nano-montmorillonite on phenolic resin as wood adhesive. Normally H-montmorillonite (HMMT) has been used as an acid catalyst for the preparation of novolac/layered silicate nanocomposites. Resole resins can be prepared by condensation reaction catalyzed by alkaline NaMMT, just as what HMMT has done for novolac resins. 

Wang, H., Yan, Y., Yu, Y., Zhao, T., Zhi, L. Synthesis of novolac/layered silicate nanocomposites by reaction exfoliation using acid-modified montmorillonite. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 23, 44—48 (2002)... 

Zhang, Z., Ye, G., Toghiani, H., Pittman Jr, C.U. Morphology and thermal stability of novolac phenolic resin/clay nanocomposites prepared via solution high-shear mixing. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 295, 923-933 (2010)... 

Static and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Coir Fiber/Montmorillonite Nanoclay-Filled Novolac/Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites... 

Chen HT, Gao J, Wang G, Shi SQ, Zhang SB, Cai LP (2004) Effect on temperature on calcium carbonate deposition in situ on bamboo fiber and polymer interfaces. Wood Fiber Sci 46 1-12 Datta C, Basu D, Baneijee AN (2002) Mechanical and dynamical mechanical properties of jute fibers-Novolac-Epoxy composite laminates. J App Polym Sci 85 2800-2807 Garea SA, Nicolescu A, Deleanu C, lovu H (2010) New nanocomposites based on epoxy resins reinforced with modified montmorillonite. Int J Polym Anal Charact 15 497-508 Ghosh P, Mitra PS, Baneijee AN (2003) Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate with the use of bromine as photoinitiator. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed ll(8) 2021-2030 Jia N, Li SM, Ma MG, Sun RC, Zhu L (2011) Green microwave-assisted synthesis of cellulose/ calcium silicate nanocomposites in ionic liquids and recycled ionic liquids. Caibohydr Res 34 2970-2974... 

Gilman et al. found similar reductions in the PHRR of clay nanocomposites. They prepared 6 wt% intercalated nanocomposites with Cloisite 15A dispersed in a nitrile rubber-modified bisphenol A epoxy-based vinyl ester (mod-bis-A) or a combination of bisphenol A and novolac epoxy-based vinyl ester (bis-A/novolac). The PHRR was reduced by 25 and 39% for mod-bis-A and bis-A/novolac, respectively. The clay promoted charring in fact, no residue was obtained for the neat resins, while in the nanocomposites the residue yields were 8 wt% (mod-bis-A) or 9 wt% (bis-A/novolac). The heat of combustion, specific extinction area, and carbon monoxide yields were unchanged. 

To prepare the MWCNTs/Phenolic-novolac (an epoxy-based vinyl ester (VE) nano eomposites) 6.75 g of VE and 0.162 g of initiator (tert-butyl peibenzoate, TBPB) were dissolved in 2.25 g of styrene monomer and 0.1 g of pristine MWCNTs or the eorresponding amount of MWCNTs/MA-POA400 or MWCNTs/MA-POA2000 was added and the mixture was subjected to sonication for 10 min. The prepared MWCNTA mixture (pristine MWCNTs, MWCNTs/MA-POA400 or M WCNTs/MA-POA2000) was slowly poured onto an aluminum plate and then was cured by slowly increasing the temperature from 80 to 120°C. Finally, MWCNT/ VE nanocomposites were completely eured under vacuum at 140°C for 24 h. 

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