N-Vinyl formamide

RAFT polymerization has been used to prepare poly(ethylene oxide)-/ /wA-PS from commercially available hydroxy end-functional polyethylene oxide).4 5 449 Other block copolymers that have been prepared using similar strategies include poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-6/oci-poly(S-eo-MAH), jl poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(MMA),440 polyethylene oxide)-Moe -poly(N-vinyl formamide),651 poly(ethylene oxide)-Wot A-poly(NlPAM),651 polyfethylene ox de)-b ock-polyfl,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate),653 poly(lactic acid)-block-poly(MMA)440 and poly( actic acid)-6focA-poly(NIPAM),4 8-<>54... 

The technique has been recently extended to polar media, especially alcohols and their mixtures with water as a continuous phase. Kobayashi et al. [104-107] have reported that poly(2-oxazoline) macromonomers such as 34 and 35 are very effective for the dispersion copolymerization with styrene, MMA, and N-vinyl-formamide in methanol, ethanol, and mixtures of these alcohols with water. They reported that the particle size decreased with increasing initial macromonomer concentration and that poly(2-oxazoline) macromonomers graft-copoly-merized are concentrated on the particle surface to act as steric stabilizers. 

NPG(PO)DA NPG propoxylate acrylate diester. See Neopentyl glycol propoxylate diacrylate NR. See Natural rubber NVF. See N-Vinyl formamide NVP. See N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone... 

Vinyl ethyl ketone. See Ethyl vinyl ketone N-Vinyl formamide... 

Bis [[[4-(ethenyloxy) methyl] cyclohexyl] methyl] terephthalate 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid Dicyclopentenyl acrylate Dicyclopentenyl methacrylate Dimethyl maleate 2-Hydroxyethylethylene urea Hydroxypropyl methacrylate Jsooctyl acrylate 2-Phenoxyethyl methacrylate 3-[(Prop-1-en-2-yl) phenyl] prop-2-yl isocyanate N-Vinyl formamide monomer, concrete impregnation Methyl methacrylate monomer, concrete resurfacing Dicyclopentenyl methacrylate monomer, conductive polymers... 

Emulsions are generally classified as normal (oil-in-water) or inverse (water-inoil) in this paper, we will only consider inverse emulsions, as our continuous phase is a non-aqueous fluid (primarily CO2). Typical monomers used in inverse emulsion polymerization are water soluble, and include (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylamide, vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl formamide, vinyl sulfonic acid salts, etc. Typical continuous phases used commercially are hydrocarbons, oftentimes inexpensive fluids such as kerosene or naphtha. In this chapter we consider emulsion polymerizations in near-critical or supercritical continuous phases. 

Other copolymers of guar gum are designed using N-vinyl formamide, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl methacrylate as grafted... 

Products N-vinyl caprolactam, N-vinyl formamide, vinyl ethers, tert-butyle acrylate, butanediomonoacrylate, tertiary butyl methacrylate... 

Polyamizine, which can be obtained by modifying the copolymer of N-vinyl formamide and acrylonitrile by an acid or alkali, has also been used in recent years [5]. This polymer has high molecular weight and high concentration of cations. A natural polymer, chitosan is used as a cationic polymer. Chitosan is obtained by acetylating chitin, which is contained in the shells of crabs and shrimps. 

ONIOM STUDIES OF [RH((/ ,/ )-ME-DUPHOS)(N-(1 -TER r-BUTYL-VINYL)-FORMAMIDE)]+... 

Vinylic Sn2 reactions of ( )-/ -alkylvinyl(phenyl)iodonium tetrafluorobo-rates with such weakly basic nucleophiles as V, N-dialkyl formamides, thioamides, thioureas, and heterocyclic thiols have recently been documented, examples of which are shown in Scheme 49 [141,142]. 

Heterocycles Acetylacetone. N-Aminophthalimide. Boron trichloride. Dichloro-formoxime. Oicyanodiamide. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Dietboxymethyl acetate. Diethyl oxalate. Diketene. Dimethylformaniide diethylacetal. Diphenyldiazomethene. Ethyl ethoxy-methylenecyanoacetate. Formaldehyde. Formamide. Formamidine acetate. Formic acid. Glyoxal. Hydrazine. Hydrazoic acid. Hydroxylamine. Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid. Methyl vinyl ketone. o-Phenylenediamine. Phenylhydrazine. Phosphorus pentasullide. Piperidine. Folyphosphoric acid. Potassium diazomethanedisulfonate. Sodium ethoxide. Sodium nitrite. Sodium thiocyanate. Tetracyanoethylene. Thiosemicarbozide. Thiourea. Triethyl orthoformate. Tris-formaminomethane. Trityl perchlorate. Urea. Vinyl triphenyl-phosphonium bromide. 

Condensations - Methyl ketones are converted to the corresponding vinyl compounds in high yield by treatment with paraformaldehyde in the presence of N-methylaniline trifluoroacetate in THF or dioxane. The formamide of 2-(N-methyl)aminopyrldine has been found to be an efficient reagent for the transfer of formyl groups to Grignard reagents. 

To a mixture of the vinyl iodide (580 mg, 0.858 mmol), potassium formate (217 mg, 2.57 mmol) and tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (277 mg, 0.858 imnol) in dimethyl-formamide (DMF, 34 mL) was added Pd(OAc)2 (9.6 mg, 0.043 nunol) at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for 24 h at room temperature in the dark. After TLC indicated the disappearance of starting material, the reaction mixture was poured into water and extracted with hexanes (3 x 60 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography to give 373 mg (79%) of the diene as a colorless oil. 

Acetylation of horseradish peroxidase increased its half-life at 65°C fivefold and made it more tolerant to dimethyl-formamide, tetrahydrofuran, and methanol.91 Chymotrypsin is more active in organic media when immobilized than when it is just suspended.92 The selectivity of enzymes in organic media can vary with the solvent.93 The transesterification of racemic 1-phenylethanol with vinyl butyrate using subtilisin gave the best enantioselectivity in dioxane (61%) and the least in N-metby 1 acetamide (3%). Pretreatment of a lipase from Candida rugosa in isopropyl alcohol increased the activity slightly and the enantioselectivity by more than tenfold in the resolution of ester 9.5.94 The R isomer had 93.1% enantiomeric excess (ee) the S isomer 94.4%. 

Dimethyl sulfide N,N -Di-P-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine 2,4-Dinitrophenyl phenyl sulfide Ethyl-N-butylamine 2-Ethylhexanal 2-Ethylhexenal 2-Ethyl-2-hexenal Ethyl vinyl ketone Formamide Glyceryl-a-monochlorohydrin... 

The methylation of aniline with methanol over calcined MgAl-LDHs results in an almost single product, i.e., A-methylaniline, in up to 68% yield. LDHO catalysts are more active than mixed Mg0-Al203 (562). Aniline can also be methylated to the same product, with dimethylaniline as a minor product, using dimethyl carbonate over an MgAl-LDO catalyst at 275°C (556). Anotha- example is the LDO-catalyzed alkenylation of formamide with vinyl formate to give N-vinylformamide. The intamediate A-vinylformamide can then be polymoized into poly(A-vinylformamide), which can be converted into polyvinylamine by hydrolysis (563). 

---