Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mutagenic

Eisenstadt, E., and A. Gold, Cyclopenta[cz/]pyrene A Highly Mutagenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 75, 1667-1669 (1978). 

Mere destruction of the original hazardous material does not adequately measure the performance of an incinerator. Products of incomplete combustion can be as toxic as, or even more toxic than, the materials from which they evolve. Indeed, highly mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are generated in the fuel rich regions of most hydrocarbon flames [48]. Dioxin formation in the combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons has also been reported [49],... 

Mossanda K, Poncelet F, Fouassin A, et al. 1979. Detection of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in African smoked fish. Food Cosmet Toxicol 17 141-143. 

The soot from diesel engines and wood smoke carry mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitro derivatives.45 Some typical ones are shown in 15.1, the first being a potent mutagen in the Ames Salmonella test. Catalytic afterburners (containing platinum) are now required... 

Bos RP, Theuws JL, Leijdekkers Ch. M. 1984b. The presence of the mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[a]pyrene and benz[a]anthracene in creosote Pj. Mutat Res 130 153-158. 

Anderson, R.S., J.E. Doos, and F.L. Rose. 1982. Differential ability of Ambystoma tigrinum hepatic microsomes to produce mutagenic metabolites from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. Cancer Lett. 16 33-41. 

Ghe, T. Mutagenicity of photochemical reaction products of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with nitrite, Sci. Total Environ., 39(1/2) 161-175, 1984. 

Kaden DA, Hites RA, Thilly WG. 1979. Mutagenicity of soot and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Salmonella typhimurium. Cancer Res 39 4152-4159. 

Apostoli P et al Increases in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and mutagenicity in a cutting fluid as a consequence of its use. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 64 473, 1993... 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a heterogeneous class of environmental contaminants formed by incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter. They comprise compounds with 2-6 fused benzene rings, most of which (4-6 ring compounds) are known human mutagens and carcinogens. 

II Nielsen et al. (1996) City Air Pollution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Other Mutagens Occurrence, Sources, and Health Effects. ... 

Alfheim, I., and T. Ramdahl, Contribution of Wood Combustion to Indoor Air Pollution As Measured by Mutagenicity in Salmonella and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentration, Environ. Mutagen., 6, 121-130 (1984b). 

De Flora, S., M. Bagnasco, A. Izzotti, F. d Agostini, M. Pala, and F. Valerio, Mutagenicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fractions Extracted from Urban Air Particulates, Mutat. Res., 224, 305-318 (1989). 

De Raat, W. K., G. L. Bakker, and F. A. de Meijere, Comparison of Filter Materials Used for Sampling of Mutagens and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Airborne Particles, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 2875-2887 (1990). 

C. L. Crespi, Human Cell Mutagenicity of Oxygenated, Nitrated, and Unsubstituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with Urban Aerosols, Mutat. Res., 371, 123-157 (1996). 

Flessel, P., Y. Y. Wang, K.-I. Chang, J. J. Wesolowski, G. N. Guir-guls, I.-S. Kim, D. Levaggi, and W. Siu, "Seasonal Variations and Trends in Concentrations of Filter-Collected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Mutagenic Activity in the San Francisco Bay Area, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 41, 276-281 (1991). 

Jung, H., A. U. Shaikh, R. H. Heflich, and P. P. Fu, Nitro Group Orientation, Reduction Potential, and Direct-Acting Mutagenicity of Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 17, 169-180 (1991). 

Kaden, D. A., R. A. Hites, and W. G. Thilly, Mutagenicity of Soot and Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Salmonella typhimurium, Cancer Res., 39, 4152-4159 (1979). 

McCoy, E. C., and H. S. Rosenkranz, Activation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Mutagens by Singlet Oxygen An Enhancing Effect of Atmospheric Pollutants, Cancer Lett., 9, 35-42 (1980). 

Pitts, J. N Jr., Nitration of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Simulated and Ambient Urban Atmospheres A Source of Mutagenic Nitroarenes, Atmos. Environ., 21, 2531-2547 (1987). 

Rosenkranz, H. S., and R. Mermelstein, The Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Properties of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, in Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (C. White, Ed.), pp. 267-297, Hiithig, Heidelberg, 1985b. 

Westerholm, R. N., T. A. Alsberg, A. B. Frommelin, and M. E. Strandell, Effect of Fuel Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content on the Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Other Mutagenic Substances from a Gasoline-Fueled Automobile, Environ. Sci. Technol, 22, 925-930 (1988). 

Wise, S. A., S. N. Chesler, L. R. Hilpert, W. E. May, R. E. Rebbert, C. R. Vogt, M. G. Nishioka, A. Austin, and J. Lewtas, Quantification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Sub-stituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Mutagenicity Testing for the Characterization of Ambient Air Particulate Matter, Environ. Int., II, 147-160 (1985). 

Yu, S., D. Herreno-Saenz, D. W. Miller, F. F. Kadlubar, and P. P. Fu, Mutagenicity of Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with the Nitro Substituent Situated at the Longest Molecular Axis, Mutat. Res., 283, 45-52 (1992). 

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