Murine reactivation assay

Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) latent viral reactivation assay ... 

It is stiU uncertain whether cefaclor-associated serum sickness-like reactions correspond to true hypersensitivity. It has indeed been suggested that they may result from inherited defects in the metabolism of reactive intermediates and may be a unique adverse reaction requiring biotransformation of the parent drug (187). A lymphocyte-based cytotoxicity assay has shown that cefaclor metabolites, as generated by murine hepatic microsomes, mediated cytotoxicity among patients with... 

Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from murine bone marrow were applied in a study designed to evaluate the molecular toxicity of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Remya et al., 2014). Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (50 nm) were used to study the cytotoxicity, nanoparticle uptake, effect on cytoskeletal arrangement, oxidative stress response and apoptotic behaviour with the confluent cells as per standard protocols. The results of the MTT assay indicated that hydroxyapatite nanoparticles do not induce cytotoxicity up to 800 pg ml-1. It was also observed that apoptosis related to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following nanoparticle treatment was comparable to that of the control (cells without treatment). Hence, it can be concluded that mesenchymal stem cell in vitro cultures can be used as a model to evaluate the potential toxicity of nanomaterials. 

The therapeutic agent should be further tested in the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) latent virus reactivation model if results from the influenza host resistance assay indicate a decreased functional activity for either NK, CTL, or TDAR, or a decrease in CD4+ cells as observed by immunopheno-typing. The MCMV latent virus reactivation model is discussed in detail below. The test article should be tested in the Streptococcus pneumoniae systemic model for encapsulated bacteria if immunophenotyping or histopathology, done in conjunction with the influenza host resistance model, reveals a decrease in the number of marginal zone B (MZB) cells. MZB cells are critical in host defense against bloodborne encapsulated bacteria and this host resistance assay is discussed in detail below. 

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