Murashige

Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio-assays with tabacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant 15 473-497... 

Flax seeds were placed for germination on moist paper for three days at 22°C and in the dark then, the plantlets were transferred under continuous white light on a liquid culture medium, as previously described [6], Suspension-cultured cells of flax were obtained from hypocotyl-derived calli as described by Schaumann et al. [4] and cultured on a medium described by Murashige and Skoog [7] containing kinetin (0.75 mg 1 ) and 2-4 D (0.2 mg 1 ). 

Tomato cell suspensions in modified Murashige and Skoog medium (12) were assayed for change in cell volume at varying concentrations of polar and nonpolar extracts. Twenty-five ml erlenmeyer flasks (5 reps/treatment) containing 10 ml of sterile medium, tomato cell suspension, and extract were allowed to settle for 20 min in sidearm test tube attachments. Relative height of cell volume fraction to medium was recorded each day for 11 days. Cell suspensions were incubated in the dark at 27 C on an orbital shaker at 125 rpm. The doubling time of control cell suspensions were approximately 2.25 days. 

Medium from chromatographed control terrarium suggests that peak 2 is represented by organic components of Murashige and Skoog salts. A subsequent run of aqueous Murashige and Skoog salts also demonstrated a similar curve. Nevertheless, peak 2 was collected, lyophilized, and tested in each bioassay in order to determine whether additional phytotoxic compounds were present. 

Table IV. Effects of 250 Nonpolar Peaks from Axenic ppmw Murashige and Skoog Cultures of Spikerush on Root Growth Medium, Polar and Lettuce Seedling...

Fig. 2.2 Stability of IgCi monoclonal antibody added to sterile plant and animal cell culture media. ( ) Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (A) Dulbecco s minimal essential medium (DMEM) with 10% serum and (A) serum-free Ex-cell 302 medium. The error bars indicate standard errors from triplicate flasks. (Reproduced with permission, from B. M. -Y. Tsoi and P. M. Doran, Biotechnol. Appi. Bio-chem. 2002, 35, 171-180. Portland Press on behalf of the IUBMB.)...

Yamamoto M, Urata K, Murashige K, Yamamoto Y (1981) Spectrochim Acta B 36 671... 

Table 15.1 The influence of zearalenone on the generative development of winter wheat cv. Grana after various periods of vernalization (According to Biesaga-Koscielniak 1998, modified). Isolated wheat embryos were cultured in sterile conditions on Murashige and Skoog (1962) media supplemented with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 2.00 mg/dm3 of zearalenone during 14, 28 and 42 days at 5°C (vernalization). After these periods, plants were transferred to soil and cultivated at 20/17°C. Number of headed plants, generative development of apexes and number of vegetative ones was obtained after 100 days of grown at 20/17°C...

Table 15.4 The influence of the inhibitor of zearalenone (malathion) on the generative development of winter wheat plants. Seeds of wheat cv. Grana were cultured at sterile condition on Murashige and Skoog (1962) media supplemented with 0 (control), melathion (10 ml/dm3) and zearalenone (2 mg/dm3) during 5 weeks at 5°C (optimal time of vernalization). After vernalization plants were replaced to soil and grown at 20/17°C. Percentage of headed plants and the length of phase from vernalization to flowering was determined for 100 plants in each kind of medium...

Mirocha CJ, Schauerhamer B, Pathre SV (1974) Isolation, detection, and quantification of zearalenone in maize and barley. J Assoc Anal Chem 57 1104-1110 Muller R, Baier M, Kaiser WM (1991) Differential stimulation of PEP-carboxylation in guard cells and mesophyll cells by ammonium or fusicoccin. J Exp Bot 42 215-220 Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15 473-497... 

Rheum palmatum Callus culture was induced from petiole of plant cultivated in vivo on the Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) gelled by agar (8g/l), supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (10 mg/1) and casein hydrolyzate (2 g/1). Callus subcultured every 4 weeks was transferred into the liquid medium and filtered through a sieve (mesh 3 mm). 

Cryptotanshinone (Fig. 4), a diterpene quinone, is produced in root tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge plants. Of remarkable anti-inflammatory effect, a maximal yield of 4.6 0.1 mg of cryptotanshinone/g dw was detected in a 60-day-old callus of S. miltiorrhiza cultured in 0.2-mg/L N -benzyladenine-supplemented Murashige and Skoog medium. ... 

Isolation of LHR vh-Inducers. Conditioned medium was obtained from 5 varieties of Vitis by cutting about 20 fresh leaves and stems into 1 cm pieces and placing them immediately into 1.5 L of sterile pH 5.7 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (52). Conditioned MS medium from callus cultures of the Vitis cultivar Steuben was obtained by breaking up healthy calli from... 

BBA556 K. Murashige, D. McDaniel, and S. Chaykin, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 118,... 

Imataki O, Kim SW, Kojima R, Hori A, Hamaki T, Sakiyama M, Murashige N, Satoh M, Kami M, Makimoto A, Takaue Y. Life-threatening hypothyroidism associated with administration of cyclosporine in a patient treated with reduced-intensity hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. Transplantation 2003 75 898-907. 

A significant contribution to the formulation of a defined growth medium was made by Murashige and Skoog (1962). The medium that they formulated (known as the MS medium) has since proved to be one of the most widely used in plant cell culture work. The recipe for MS medium is given in Table 5.7. 

Murashige and Skoog salt mixture (Gibco), 2,4-dichlophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D), KH2P04, inositol, thiamine HC1, and sucrose to make medium... 

Prepare modified Linsmaier and Skoog medium (Linsmaier and Skoog, 1965) which contains 4.3 g/L of Murashige and Skoog salt mixture, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.18 g/L KH2P04, 0.1 g/L inositol, 1 mg/L thiamine EICL, and 30 g/L sucrose. Adjust pH to 5.8. with 1 N KOH and dispense the medium into two 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks so that each flask contains 30 mL each. 

Murashige, T. and F. Skoog, "A Revised Medium for Rapid Growth and Bioassays with Tobacco Tissue Cultures," Physiologia Plantarum 15 (1962) 473-497. 

In a similar application, Plaza et al. reported a Cd2+-selective electrode that was used to monitor the uptake of Cd2+ by yeast and Arabidopsis cell cultures [83]. In the presence of Ca(N03)2 and a 0.5 x Murashige and Skoog basal medium for yeast and plant cells, the LODs were 10 1(1 and 10 8M, respectively. Controlled experiments using AAS confirmed that the decrease in Cd2+ activities was caused by the uptake of the metal by the cells under investigation. 

The most common media are those of Murashige and Skoog (1962), and Gamborg et al. (1968), which are available in powder form from suppliers such as Flow Laboratories or Gibco. The... 

Murashige [48] has proposed the concept of artificial seed as an approach to the mass propagation of elite plant varieties. Artificial seeds are expected to be a reliable delivery system for the clonal propagation of elite plants [49-51]. The delivery system has the potential for genetic uniformity, high yield, and low cost of production. Hairy root methodology is one of the promising candidates as material for artificial seed. 

Murashige T (1978) In Thorpe T (ed) Frontiers of plant tissue culture. International Association of Plant Tissue Culture, Calgary, Canada, p 15... 

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