Artificial seeds

Murashige [48] has proposed the concept of artificial seed as an approach to the mass propagation of elite plant varieties. Artificial seeds are expected to be a reliable delivery system for the clonal propagation of elite plants [49-51]. The delivery system has the potential for genetic uniformity, high yield, and low cost of production. Hairy root methodology is one of the promising candidates as material for artificial seed. 

Fig. 5 shows an artificial seed production system using plantlets derived from hairy roots. The hairy roots must be cut to produce the artificial seeds. Fragmentation was carried out using a commercial blender with blades. Horseradish hairy roots cultured for 35 days without addition of plant growth... 

Fig. 5. Artificial seed production system using plantlets derived from hairy roots...

FIGURE 11.5 Safflower seed losses at harvest and predicted persistence in soil from field studies. The table at the top is the mean number of safflower seeds lost after harvest in commercial fields. The table in the middle is the results of the regression analysis of seed viability rate of decline over time at the EUerslie site established in 2002 with means and standard errors for intercept (a), rate of seed viability decline (b), and frequency of seeds in spring and fall for 2 follow years. Note that no viable seeds were recovered from the burial studies after 2 years. The figure at the bottom provides estimates of the percentage and number of seeds per unit area that would remain viable if 1,000 seeds m" were lost in the fall following safflower production, based on the rate of decline of safflower seeds in the artificial seed bank (burial) studies. 

Improvement in taste or texture of vegetables and fruits, such as better tasting celery stalks and tomatoes with higher solids content (13). Somaclonal variations for selection of desirable variants, and somatic embryos (artificial seeds) have been especially useful in genetic engineering of improved vegetables. Several of these new crop varieties will be on the market within 2 to 4 years. 

Maruyama, E., Hosoi, Y., and Ishii, K. (2003) Somatic embryo culture for propagation, artificial seed production, and conservation of Sawara cypress Chamaecyparis pisifera Sieb. et Zucc.). J. For. Res., 8 1-8. 

The success of the artificial seed production is considered to be one of the key drivers for the explosive growth of the striped catfish in Vietnam (Phuong and Oanh, 2009). The production of hatchery-reared seed has increased rapidly during the past years larvae and fingerfing production increased 18-fold and 26-fold, respectively, between 2002 and 2011 (Fig. 16.3). The seed demand is mostly for fingerfing size for grow-out stocking. 

CAB INTERNATIONAL (2006) Case study Artificial seed production of Pangasiid catfish in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Aquaculture Compendium 2006. Wallingford CABI. 

Essential oil species Family of plant Main components (%) Acute toxicity by fumigation LC50 (mg dm air) (NK test) Inhibition of reproduction (emergence) by fumigation s (NK test) Inhibition of larval development into artificial seeds (NK test)... 

EO incorporated within Phaseolus vulgaris fiour in artificial seeds (Data from [18])... 

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