Multiwalled nanotubes MWNTs

Multivariate curve resolution, 6 54—56 Multivariate linear regression, 6 32—35 Multivariate optical elements (MOE), 6 68 Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 77 48, 49 22 720 26 737. See also Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) Multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs) synthesis of, 26 806 Multiwall fullerenes, 12 231 Multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs), 12 232 Multiwall paper bags, 78 11 Multiway analysis, 6 57-63 Multiyear profitability analysis, 9 535-537 Multiyear venture analysis, 0 537-544 sample, 9 542-S44 Mummification, 5 749 Mumps vaccine, 25 490 491 Mumps virus, 3 137 Municipal biosolids, as biomass, 3 684 Municipal distribution, potential for saline water use in, 26 55-56 Municipal effluents, disposal of, 26 54 Municipal landfill leachate, chemicals found in, 25 876t... 

Coating by a thin layer of PPy has been realized on multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT) [29,91,93], well-aligned MWNT [85] and single-wall nanotubes (SWNT) [88], When MWNT are oxidized, their surface is covered with oxygenated functionalities, which can be used as anionic dopant of a PPy film electrodeposited on the MWNT [94], These films are notably less brittle and more adhesive to the electrode than those formed using an aqueous electrolyte as source of counterion. 

The first measurements of nanotube mechanical properties were performed on multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs) using transmission electron microscopy (3). This was achieved by analyzing the amplitude of thermal vibrations of the nanotubes. This measurement has been followed by a number of others, either on MWNTs (4-6),... 

Carbodiimides are widely used to mediate the attachment of biomarkers to polypeptides. Examples include carbodiimides with ferrocenyl substituents. Also, peptides are covalently modified with ferrocenecarboxylic acid using EDCCl and N-hydroxy-succinimide to promote the coupling to surface lysines. They also mediate the attachment of substituents to single walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs). Also, microdots are attached to virus molecules using a water soluble carbodiimide. The attachment of viral DNA to gold particles is used in the manufacture of a new type of vaccine. 

A principal distinction can be made between single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT). Both classes comprise species of most different diameters and lengths. Besides dimensions, it is also the way the graphene layer is rolled up to be a tube that dominantly influences the properties of the resulting materials. Furthermore, there may or may not be caps at the tubes ends, the respective structures then are called closed or open carbon nanotubes. The structural features of single-walled nanotubes will be discussed first in the following before the concept shall be extended to the multiwalled variants then. 

Recently, Jin et al. developed carbon-nanotube-absorbed polymeric microspheres and studied their potential application in ERF. Nanotubes were incorporated into the surface of PS and PMMA microspheres. Later, Park et al. investigated the enhanced ER effect of multiwall-nanotubes (MWNTs) on the insulating PMMA [41]. 

After single wall nanotubes (SWNT) arise and since there is a large supply of carbon atoms on their surfaces, they change to multiwall nanotubes (MWNT). These are numerous tubes concentrically grown within one another (26), (27), (28). Their diameters are different and as discussed above each of these will possess different electrical properties. This was confirmed by scientists at IBM (29) who by the introduction of a strong electric current can build the consecutive component tubes of a MWNT structure, then starting from the layer on the outside can bum down to a tube with the required band gap. The diameter of a SWNT and the diameter of the innermost tube of a MWNT structure can be very different. Most often this is from a few nanometers to several tens of nanometers. Recently there was an announcement that the narrowest possible nanotube has been obtained. In this case the carbon atoms are arranged in a row. 

Another new structure type, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), was discovered in 1991 [99]. Carbon nanotubes have high mechanical and chemical stability due to their unique structure and properties and can be used as modules in nanotechnology. Two types of carbon nanotubes, single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs), were developed. Single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) consist of... 

Carbon nanotube is classified as single walled nanotubes (SWNTs), multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs) and Double walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs). 

The most readily cited examples of this class of nanocomposite are systems based on carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes have many interesting properties, including exceptionally high mechanical strength and remarkably versatile electronic properties. They occur in two distinct forms single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs). Compared with multiwalled nanotubes, single-waUed nanotubes are expensive and difficult to obtain, but they have been of great interest due to their superior electronic, mechanical, and gas adsorption properties. 

More advanced carbons are being heavily studied for their potential in controlling structures and enhanced properties compared to activated carbon. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs Figure 4.12) are cylindrical nanostructures that exhibit a near-l-dimensional structures. The cylinders are composed of graphitic carbon walls in the forms single wall (SWNTs), double wall (DWNTs), and multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs). Their cylindrical radii are on the order... 

Nanotubes rolled into a cylinder (hollow tube) graphite plane, which is lined with regular hexagons with carbon atoms at the vertices of a diameter of several nanometers (Fig. A.2). Nanotubes can consist of one layer of atoms (single-wall nanotubes-SWNT) and represent a number of nested into one another-layer pipes (multiwalled nanotubes - MWNT). 

Carbon nanotubes are classified as single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs). A SWNT can be visualized as a grapheme sheet that has been rolled into a hollow cylinder with ends caps. So the atomic structure of SWNT can be described by the chiral vector and the chiral angle 6 (see Fig. 23.5) given by Refs. [70-77] ... 

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