Multifactorial determination

Samuel, S.P., Jain, N., O Dowd, F., Paul, T., Kashanin, D., Gerard, V.A., Gun ko, Y.K., Prina-Mello, A., Volkov, Y. Multifactorial determinants that govern nanoparticle uptake by human endothelial cells under flow. Int. J. Nanomedicine 7, 2943-2956... 

Others, particularly endogenous factors, which influence cholesterol synthesis and degradation are incompletely understood. It is not at all surprising, therefore, that the distribution of the serum cholesterol concentration in the population is continuous and generally unimodal as must be expected as a consequence of multifactorial determination. 

The paper by Cochrane, St. Leger, and Moore (1978) typifies the issues associated with many early studies. Specifically, they relied on cross sections with multiple countries and often limited the analysis to simple correlations. Because determinants of life expectancy are multifactorial, national studies are more likely to detect differences than international studies. It is also critically important to include adequate control variables. In fact, a later study (Cremieux, Ouellette, and Meilleur 1999) based on extensive national data suggests that a 10% increase in health care spending reduces infant mortality by 0.5% for males and 0.4% for females while increasing life expectancy by half a year for males and three months for females. The current study uses similar modeling and data hence, results on the effect of pharmaceuticals reported below can be put in perspective relative to the overall effect of health care spending from that earlier research. 

Multisensor devices may be based on an array of sensing units that present different sensitivities for each component of a collection of substrates to be determined [8.238], resulting in a specific signature for each compound. With a sufficient number of signals the composite response may be deconvoluted and the nature and concentrations of the substances determined using techniques such as multifactorial system analysis aided by neural network procedures. 

The influence of water components on the flame photometric determination of potassium and sodium can be detected by factorial experiments. By application of multifactorial plans according to PLACKETT and BURMAN the qualitative determination of the influence of various variables is possible with relatively few experiments [SCHEFFLER, 1986]. For mathematical fundamentals see Chapter 3. 

The measurements were performed with a FLAPHO 4 flame photometer (Carl Zeiss Jena) using a propane-air flame. The influence of sulfate, chloride, and phosphate ions and the mutual influence of alkali metal ions on the determination of potassium and sodium ions were investigated. Anions were selected on the basis of previous experiments to determine their interference properties. The multifactorial plan was realized in the concentration levels represented in Tab. 10-4. 

For the purpose of the analysis the interfering water components have to be determined and the concentration levels for the multifactorial plan have to be defined. 

The causes of many developmental abnormalities are unknown. As an example, Nelson and Holmes (1989), through a careful evaluation of approximately 70,000 children and their families, were able to account for 57% of birth defects mutations (28%), multifactorial conditions (23%), uterine factors and twinning (3%), and exposure to chemical and physical agents found in the environment (3%). Thus, the etiology of at least 43% of all birth defects could not be determined. Prevention of developmental defects depends on understanding their causes and is important in reducing the tremendous societal and financial burden. 

Falls are common in the elderly and are often multifactorial.There is a concern about patients who fall because the complications are significant. Complications include fractures, soft tissue injuries, immobilization and hospital-acquired illness, institutionalization, and even death from additional complications such as pneumonia. ° It is difficult to determine the percentage of patients who fall because many falls do not result in injury and are never reported. 

Because extrusion-spheronization is a very complex manufacturing process that depends on a number of formulation and processing factors (Table 1), it has been studied extensively. Some of these studies used multifactorial statistical designs to determine the significance of the various factors identified above. Despite the extensive work that had been done, additional research is still ongoing as demonstrated by the number of publications in various scientific journals.f ... 

Pursuit of a doctorate through the nontraditional pathway requires a significant commitment in terms of time, money, and determination on the part of the candidate,The motivations behind obtaining a postbaccalaureate Pharm.D. are multifactorial, but can be separated into two broad categories—external or internal. External motivations for application to a nontraditional Pharm.D. program include earning a promotion, employer pressure, and concerns about future job security as a result of the shift from BS to Pharm.D. as the sole entry degree. Internal motivation, however, derives from a de-... 

Mendelian diseases exhibit autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked inheritance, while multifactorial diseases (e.g., cleft palate, diabetes mellitus, schizophrenia, hypertension) are determined by multiple genes plus the environment. 

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