Mucoadhesive tablets

Buccal testosterone tablets provide sustained release of testosterone and also bypass first-pass metabolism in the liver. Small-scale work with a bioadhesive buccal tablet of testosterone has shown that adequate serum concentrations can be obtained and that the buccal tablet (administered twice daily) is well tolerated (102). Other work has confirmed that twice-daily buccal application is optimal to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations of testosterone and its metabolites (103-105) however, it appears that about one patient in six initially has a degree of oral discomfort from the presence of the mucoadhesive tablet, although this fades after a few days and does not seriously affect compliance. Common adverse effects of buccal testosterone include gum irritation, pain, and tenderness, and edema (106) and headache (107). 

Nair and Chien " compared patches and tablets of different polymers (sodium carboxymethylcellulose, car-bopol, polyethylene oxide, polymethyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride, tragacanth) regarding their release characteristics of four drugs (chlorheximide, clotrimazole, benzo-caine, and hydrocortisone). They observed sustained release of all four compounds from the mucoadhesive tablets, but only two of the active compounds, chlorheximide and clotrimazole, could be released in a controlled manner from the mucoadhesive patches. 

Coating agent disintegrant film-forming agent mucoadhesive tablet binder viscosity-increasing agent. 

Sogias, LA. Williams, A.C. Khutoryanskiy, W. Chitosan-based mucoadhesive tablets for oral delivery of ibuprofen. Ira. J. Pharm. 2012, 436 (1-2), 602-610. 

Venkatesan, N., Yoshimitsu, J., Ohashi, Y., Ito, Y., Sugioka, N., Shibata, N., Takada, K., 2006. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies following oral administration of erythropoietin mucoadhesive tablets to beagle dogs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 310,46—52. 

Buccal mucoadhesive tablets are mostly intended for systemic use, but adhesive tablets and semisolid forms can also be used to obtain a local effect. 

An example is a mucoadhesive tablet with miconazole. With this dosage form higher saliva concentrations are obtained compared to an oral gel, whilst no miconazole is detectable in blood plasma [9]. Other examples are buccal films, in use for the treatment of herpes labialis [10]. 

Mucoadhesive tablets are prepared by compression of mono or multilayers. Usually they contain hydrophilic polymers, that form a flexible hydrogel after wetting by the saliva. 

Petrou MA (2008) New miconazole mucoadhesive tablet to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis. Hosp Pharm Fur 40 35-37... 

For use in the oral cavity, 3M commercializes a mucoadhesive tablet made of Carbopol 934P, polyisobutylene, and polyisoprene. Recently, Needleman and Smales studied the mucoadhesion properties of various materials as possible treatments for periodontal diseases. While other materials adhered for 1-5 h, chitosan and Eudispert adhered for as long as 4 days. Furthermore, chitosan exhibited good tissue moisturizing ability. 

S. Singh and S.B. Bothara, Development of oral mucoadhesive tablets of losartan potassium using natuTcd gum from Manilkara Zapota seeds, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. NanotechnoL, 6 2245-2254, 2013. 

Other modern research has highlighted the importance of CG for different drug delivery systems, as follows CG and chitosan combinations (2 3,3 2, and 4 1) as a carriers for buccal drug delivery of 10 mg propranolol hydrochloride mucoadhesive tablets coated on one face with 5% (w/v) ethyl cellulose or formulated using a direct compression technique [226] enhancement of solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug lovastatin using modified CG (by heating) and solid dispersion techniques [227] formulation and evaluation of nimesulide orodispersible tablets... 

Kharwade RS, Vyavhare NS, More SM. Formulation of mucoadhesive tablet by using Ae Ze marmelos gum. IntJAppl Biol Pharm Technol. 2 (1) 154-161,2011. 

It was reported that in simulated gastric fluids the release profile of salmon calcitonin out of mucoadhesive tablets based on chitosan-TBA was about 87% after 3 h [59]. Over the whole observation period, a pseudo-zero-order release profile of salmon calcitonin in artificial gastric fluid was detected. Tablets exhibited good cohesiveness and released the active agent via a COTitroUed diffusion process. 

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