Drug delivery buccal

Junginger HE, Hoogstraate JA, Verhoef JC (1999) Recent advances in buccal drug delivery and absorption—in vitro and in vivo studies. J Control Release 62 149-159... 

Nicolazzo JA, Reed BL, Finnin BC (2004b) Modification of buccal drug delivery following pretreatment with skin penetration enhancers. J Pharm Sci 93 ... 

Birudaraj R, Mahalingam R, Li X, and Jasti BR (2005) Advances in buccal drug delivery. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 22 295-330. 

Smart JD (2005) Buccal drug delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2 507-517. 

Remunan-Lopez, C., Portero, A., VilaJato, J.L., and Alonso, M.J., Design and evaluation of chitosan/ethylcellulose mucoadhesive bilayered devices for buccal drug delivery, J. Control. Rel., 55 143-152 (1998). 

A buccal drug delivery system is applied to a specific area on the buccal membrane. Moreover, the delivery system ean be designed to be unidirectional in drug release so that it can be protected from the loeal environment of the oral cavity. It also permits the inclusion of a permeation enhancer/protease inhibitor or pH modifier in the formulation to modulate the membrane or the tablet-mucosal environment at that particular application site. While the irritation is limited to the well-defined area, the systemic toxicity of these enhancers/inhibitors and modifiers can be reduced. The buccal mucosa is well suited for this type of modification as it is less prone to irreversible damage [9]. In the event of drug toxicity, delivery can be terminated promptly by removal of the dosage form. 

A mueoadhesive buccal drug delivery system should... 

Sustained adhesion of the dosage form (tablet, patch) to the mucosa is an important first step to successful buccal delivery. The mucus plays an important role during this mucoadhe-sive process by buccal drug delivery systems. The interaction between the mucus and mucoadhesive polymers generally used in most dosage forms can be explained by theories summarized in Table 9.1. 

Langoth, N., et al. 2003. Development of buccal drug delivery systems based on a thiolated polymer. Int J Pharm 252 141. 

Azone (laurocapram) is used extensively as a transdermal permeation enhancer, and has also found use in buccal drug delivery. It is a lipophilic surfactant in nature (Figure 10.4). Permeation of salicylic acid was enhanced by the pre-application of an Azone emulsion in vivo in a keratinized hamster cheek pouch model [35]. Octreotide and some hydrophobic compounds absorption have also been improved by the use of Azone [36], Azone was shown to interact with the lipid domains and alter the molecular moment on the surface of the bilayers [37], In skin it has been proposed that Azone was able to form ion pairs with anionic drugs to promote their permeation [38],... 

Figure 3. In vitro delivery of diclofenac sodium from a buccal drug delivery device (details of the dissolution method are given in the text). ...

Figure 6. Plasma concentrations of diclofenac sodium after application of a buccal drug delivery device to the mucosa of 4 Beagle dogs.

Figure 7. Loo-Riegelman plots for the saturated solution and buccal drug delivery device.

Buccal drug delivery offers the potential to achieve zero-order controlled release. As described in Section 1.5.1, zero-order controlled release offers the further advantages of ... 

Chidambaran, N. Srivatsava, A.K. Buccal drug delivery systems. Drug Dev. Indust. Pharm. 1995, 21, 1009-1036. 

Anders, R. Merkle, H.P. Evaluation of laminated mucoadhesive patches for buccal drug delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 1989, 49, 231-240. 

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