4- Moxonidine

C H,, N203 85660-33-9) see Nomifensine 7V-methyl-lV-(2-nitrobenzyl)phenacylamine (C (,H 9N203 102436-67-9) see Nomifensine 2-methyl-5-nitro-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine (C5H5N3O4 53925-27-2) see Moxonidine 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole... 

CHjNaO 124-41-4) see Atorvastatin calcium Brinzolamide Ciprofloxacin Cisapride Dextrothyroxine Epirizole Hydroxyprogesterone Metaclazepam Moxifloxacin hydrochloride Moxonidine Oxcarbazepine Pantoprazole sodium Sulfadimethoxine Sulfalene Sulfamcthoxypyridazine Tacrolimus Vincamine sodium 3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenolate (CjHjNaOj 57f74-0i-5) sec Paroxetine sodium 4-nitrophenolate... 

Zhu QM, Lesnid JD, Jasper JR, MacLennan SJ, Dillon MP, Eglen RM, Blue DRJ (1999) Cardiovascular effects of rilmenidine, moxonidine and clonidine in conscious wild-type and D79N a2A adrenoceptor transgenic mice. Br J Pharmacol 126,1522-1530. 

Moxonidine and rilmenidine are the only examples of moderately selective Ii-receptor stimulants which have been developed clinically. Since moxonidine and rilmenidine have much lower affinity for a 2-receptors than for Ii-receptors it may be hoped that they will display a more favourable pattern of side-effects than classic o 2-adrenoceptor stimulants such as clonidine, guanfacine and Q -methyl-DOPA. 

The discovery of the centrally acting imidazoline receptor stimulants moxonidine and rilmenidine theoretically offers the same haemodynamic advantages as the a 2-adrenoceptor agonists. However, it may be hoped that their profile of side-effects is more favourable, owing to their lower affinity for... 

Kaaja R, Manhem K, Tuomilehto J. Treatment of postmenopausal hypertension with moxonidine, a selective imidazoline receptor agonist. IntJ Clin Pract Suppl. 2004 139 26-32. 

Martin U, Hill C, O Mahony D. Use of moxonidine in elderly patients with resistant hypertension. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2005 30 433-437. 

Chruscinski AJ, Rohrer DK, Schauble E, Desai KH, Bernstein D, Kobilka BK (1999) Targeted disruption of the fS2 adrenergic receptor gene. J Biol Chem 274 16694-700 Cohn JN, Pfeffer MA, Rouleau J, Sharpe N, Swedberg K, Straub M, Wiltse C, Wright TJ (2003) Adverse mortality effect of central sympathetic inhibition with sustained-release moxonidine in patients with heart failure (MOXCON). Eur J Heart Fail 5 659-67... 

A second hypothesis to explain the cardiovascular effects of clonidine involves an interaction with imidazoline-1 receptors (Bousquet and Feldman 1999). However, the available evidence at present does not prove conclusively the imidazoline hypothesis for the mechanism of action of clonidine and analog drugs, like rilmeni-dine and moxonidine (Szabo 2002). 

Urban R, Szabo B, Starke K (1995) Involvement of peripheral presynaptic inhibition in the reduction of sympathetic tone by moxonidine, rilmenidine and UK 14304. Eur J Pharmacol... 

A2. Amann, K., Nichols, C., Tornig, J., Schwarz, U., Zeier, M., Mall, G., and Ritz, E., Effect of ramipril, nifedipine, and moxonidine on glomerular morphology and podocyte structure in experimental chronic renal failure. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 11, 1003—1011 (1996). 

Wesnes K, Simpson PM, Jansson B, Grahnen A, Weimann HJ, Kuppers H. Moxonidine and cognitive function interactions with moclobemide and lorazepam. Eur J din Pharmacol 1997 52(5) 351-8. 

When co-administered with lorazepam 0.4 mg, moxonidine increased impairment of attentional tasks (choice, simple reaction time and digit vigilance performance, memory tasks, immediate word recall, delayed word recall accuracy, and visual tracking). These effects should be considered when moxonidine is coadministered with lorazepam, although they were smaller than would have been produced by a single dose of lorazepam 2 mg alone (26). 

CENTRALLY ACTING ANTIHYPERTENSIVES ALCOHOL Clonidine and moxonidine may exacerbate the sedative effects of alcohol, particularly during initiation of therapy Uncertain Warn patients of this effect and advise them to avoid driving or operating machinery if they suffer from sedation... 

---