Mouse and rat brains

Most of the data is taken from earlier experimental work. The concentrations in the feed and reference values are taken from mouse and rat brain data for the sake of illustration. The membrane permeability parameters for S2 and S3 are assumed equal to the value for si. The normalized parameter > is taken equal to I>2, which was found earlier experimentally. The kinetic parameters 6m for m = 1,.., 8 of reaction (1) are chosen by using a known dissociation constant and by keeping the experimentally found proportion for reaction (2) on substrate-inhibition and hydrogen-ion effects. 

Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J (1984b) Glutamate- and GABA-containing neurons in the mouse and rat brain, as demonstrated with a new immunocytochemical technique. J Comp Neurol 229 374-392. 

ST3Gal II Sia(o2-3)Gal(Pl-3)GalNAc-R mouse and rat brain [599,600] similar to ST3Gal I, but seems to act better on glycolipids than ST3GaI I kinetics see ref [600]... 

In brief, it is clear from the data presented in this chapter that major species differences exist in the relative enrichment and distribution of a given NPY receptor-type. For example, while the mouse and rat brain cortices are enriched in Y1 receptor binding sites these same areas are mostly devoid of this class of sites in the monkey and human brain. The guinea-pig brain is particular enriched with the Y1 type. Hence, at least in regard to the two best studied classes ofNPY receptors, the Y1 and Y2 types, great care must be taken when extrapolating to the human situation on the basis of results obtained in other species. It remains to be established whether similar consensus apply to Y3 and the newly characterized PP1/Y4, Y5 and Y6 receptor types, only very limited information currendy being available on their expression in the mammalian brain. In any case it would appear that the use of human brain tissues is critical to establish clearly the relevance of data obtained in other species. Moreover,... 

This procedure describes how to prepare synaptosomes from freshly isolated human, mouse, and rat brain and how to determine the activity of anadamide membrane transporter (AMT) in this ex vivo model. 

Battista, N Bari, M Finazzi-Agrb, A., and Maccarrone, M. (2002) Anandamide uptake by synaptosomes from human, mouse and rat brain inhibition by glutamine and glutamate. Lipids Health Dis. I, 1-3. 

Two G-protein coupled 5-HT receptors from both mouse and rat brain, designated 5-ht5A and 5-ht5B, have recently been cloned, of which the amino... 

Proulx [30] summarized the published lipid compositions of BBM isolated from epithelial cells from pig, rabbit, mouse and rat small intestines. Table 3.1 shows the lipid make-up for the rat, averaged from five reported studies [30], On a molar basis, cholesterol accounts for about 50% of the total lipid content (37% on a weight basis). Thus, the cholesterol content in BBM is higher than that found in kidney epithelial (MDCK) and brain endothelial cells (Table 3.1). Slightly different BBM lipid distribution was reported by Alcorn et al. [31] here, the outer (luminal) leaflet of the BBM was seen to be rich in sphingomyelin content, while the inner leaflet (cytosol) was rich in PE and PC. Apical (brush border) and basolateral lipids are different in epithelia. The basolateral membrane content (not reported by... 

Ravindranath V, Anandatheerthavarada HK, Shankar SK. 1990. NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase in rat, mouse and human brain. Biochem Pharmacol 39 1013-1018. 

The temporal appearance of myelin-related lipids and enzymes in the cultures of dissociated fetal mouse brain cells mimics the temporal development of these parameters in normal mouse or rat brain (12, 5, 29, 28). The types of myelin-related lipids and the order of magnitude of the activities of the enzymes producing some of these lipids are the same as those found in brain in vivo (30, 29, 28). 

Koizumi S, Fujishita K, Tsuda M et al (2003) Dynamic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission by astrocyte-derived ATP in hippocampal cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 11023-8 Kubista H, Boehm S (2006) Molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of exocytotic noradrenaline release via presynaptic receptors. Pharmacol Ther 112 213 42 Kukulski F, Sevigny J, Komoszynski M (2004) Comparative hydrolysis of extracellular adenine nucleotides and adenosine in synaptic membranes from porcine brain cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Brain Res 1030 49-56 Kurokawa M, Koga K, Kase H et al (1996) Adenosine A2a receptor-mediated modulation of striatal acetylcholine release in vivo. J Neurochem 66 1882-8 Kurz K, von Ktigelgen I, Starke K (1993) Prejunctional modulation of noradrenaline release in mouse and rat vas deferens contribution of PI- and P2-purinoceptors. Br J Pharmacol 110 1465-72... 

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