Rat and Mouse

Rat and mouse platelets contain circumfiential microtubules, dense bodies, alpha granules, glycogen particles, and an open canalicitlar system. Ultrastmctural features of mouse and rat platelets are similar to that of human platelets. 

Platelet retentim in glass bead columns for Wistar rat platelets is similar to that for human platelets. 

Rat and mouse platelets aggregate mote vigorously when heparin is used as the anticoagulant than when citrate is irsed (Situikos and Caen 1967 Rosenblum et al. 1983). Collagen and arachidonic acid induce aggregation in heparin-anticoagulated platelet-rich 

Mouse platelets aggregate in response to arachidonate, thrombin, collagen, and ADP and undergo release reaction in response to arachidonate, collagen, and thrombin (Rosenblum etal. 1983). 

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Popov VB, Protasova GA, Radilov AS. 1998a. Embryo-and genotoxic effects of two endosulfan forms in the culture of rat and mouse pre- and postimplantation embryos. Ontogenez 29(2) 104-112. 

Elcombe CR, Rose MS, Pratt IS. 1985. Biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural changes in rat and mouse liver following the administration of trichloroethylene Possible relevance to species differences in hepatocarcinogenicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 79 365-376. 

Fisher JW, Gargas ML, Allen BC, et al. 1991. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling with trichloroethylene and its metabolite, trichloroacetic acid, in the rat and mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 109 183-195. 

Mazzullo M, Bartoli S, Bonora A, et al. 1992. In vivo and in vitro interaction of trichloroethylene with macromolecules from various organs of rat and mouse. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 76 192-208. 

Nelson MA, Bull RJ. 1988. Induction of strand breaks in DNA by trichloroethylene and metabolites in rat and mouse liver in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 94 45-54. 

The only difficulty in this method (in addition to the calculations, which are easily carried out using computers) is the fact that it is impossible to analyse tables with values that are missing, so there is a need to choose substances for which there are a whole range of LC and LD values. Since this is impossible, three tables were used, which all have in common the L050 variables for rat and mouse, orally and by intraperitoneal means of penetration, so that the coherence of the three tables and a strong enough relationship between them could be ablished. The purpose was to determine, if, in the absence of one of the classification criteria set by regulation, it was possible to choose another available criterion to determine the risk level of toxicity. 

The estimate does not seem realistic and gives inconsistent experimental values (compare values for rat and mouse orally). 

Albano, E., Poll, G., Charpatto, E., Biasi, F. and Dianzani, M.V. (1983). Paracetamol-stimulated lipid pexoxidation in isolated rat and mouse hepatocytes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 47, 249-263. 

Sircar R. Nichtenhauser, R. Ieni, J.R. and Zukin, S-R Characterization and autoradiographic visualization of 3H-(+)SKF-10,047 binding in rat and mouse brain Further evidence for sigma opioid/phencyclidine receptors commonality. Submitted for publication. 

Forti, G.C., Paolini, M., Hrelia, P. et al. (1984) NADPH-generating system influence on microsomal monooxygenase stability during incubation for the liver microsomal assay with rat and mouse S9 fractions. Mutation Research, 129, 291-297. 

Fennell TR, Sumner SC, Held SD, et al. 1990. Dection of urinary metabolites of [1,2,3- 13C] acrylonitrile in the rat and mouse detected by C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CUT, Research Triangle Park, NC. 

The single-dose toxicity studies were performed in two mammalian species, rat and mouse, by the route used in clinical practice, that is oral, as well as that ensuring adequate systemic exposure to the drug, that is intravenous. The subacute (3 months) toxicity studies were correctly carried out in the two animal species (rat, dog) in which also the pharmacokinetics was studied. Since in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (CPMP/ICH/286/95), 3-month toxicity studies support clinical trials for up to 1 month s duration (the longest duration of drug administration in clinical use), chronic toxicity studies have not been performed. 

Uncertainty factors Interspecies A factor of 3 was used. One-hour LC50s were determined in the monkey, dog, rat, and mouse. The LC50 values ranged from 82 ppm in the squirrel monkey to 244 ppm in the mouse, differing by a factor of approximately 3. The squirrel monkey estimated threshold value of 27.3 ppm calculated above was used to determine the AEGL-3 value. 

Common Nomenclature Used for Cloned GABA Transporters From Human, Rat, and Mouse... 

Additional information on hepatic lesions in species other than the rat and mouse would be useful in evaluating the risk to humans for both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects from hexachloroethane exposure. 

Lattanzi G, Colacci A, Grilli S, et al. 1988. Binding of hexachloroethane to biological macromolecules from rat and mouse organs. J Toxicol Environ Health 24 403-411. 

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