Morwell brown coal

Table 3. Analytical data on Morwell brown coals used in the study of the narrow range...

Figure 3. Relationship between conversion and carbon percentage in coal. The asterisks indicate that the figures in parentheses show the inert content in the coal. Symbols (%), with catalyst (O), no catalyst (A), Morwell brown coal.

As stated before, volatile carbon % is considered to be one of the most important parameters of hydroliquefaction. Also a fairly good linear relationship between the volatile carbon % in coal and low temperature tar yield from coal is found in Morwell brown coals, based on the data from the State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV) in Australia, as shown in Fig.9 Therefore, the low temperature tar yield is also estimated to be an important parameter. In addition, the color tone of brown coal (lithotypes) is shown in this figure. From this figure, it is observed that both volatile carbon % and low temperature tar yield are in a fairly good relation to the color tone of brown coal. Thus, as proposed by the Australian researchers, the color tone of brown coal is considered to be an important parameter. 

Experimental Procedure. Morwell brown coal was solubilised by reacting with phenol, in the presence of para toluene sulfonic acid, at 1830C, and the reaction product was then separated into four fractions and analysed according to procedures described elsewhere (lj. The structural characteristics of the four fractions as determined by the present work and confirmed by reference to the literature ( ,3) are summarised in Table I. As these characteristics are influenced to some extent by the presence of chemically combined phenol, the content of this in each fraction is also estimated. 

A considerable increase in conversion of Morwell brown coal occurs when dilute sodium hydroxide was used in place of water (see Table VIII and Figure 8). Dilute sodium carbonate and formate had a similar effect (see Table VIII) as did n-pentylamine (see Table IX), but no improvement was found with dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride or ammonium hydroxide nor with 20% phenol/80% water and methanol/water mixtures. The conversion and extract yield increases with the molarity of the sodium hydroxide (Figure 8). 

Coal Used. The coal tested was Morwell brown coal from Victoria, Australia. Its composition on a dry basis is shown in Table I. This coal contains over 60% moisture as mined. It was ground wet to 80% less than 25 mesh and used in the wet state (60% moisture). 

The CEMS measurements were carried out in a specially designed reactor. In this reactor the samples of Fe foil were studied and treated with H /H S to obtain the iron sulfides. The detector employed for tne detection of the electrons was a He/10% CH flow counter connected in line with the reactor. The reactions of pure iron and iron sulfide with naphthoquinone were studied with this cell. The situ Mbssbauer measurements were performed using the system described in References 6 and 14. The coals used were a North Dakota lignite and an Australian Victorian Morwell Brown Coal... 

Victorian brown coals (Yallourn, Morwell) used here and their data on coal characteristics were offered by the Herman Research Laboratory of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria, to whom the authors wish to express their appreciation. In addition, they wish to thank Nissho-Iwai Co. Ltd. who kindly acted as intermediary with respect to Victorian brown coals studied. 

Since 1920 Latrobe Valley brown coal has been developed for power generation. The State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV) wins coal from two major open cuts at Yallourn and Morwell and operates coal fired power stations which presently consume approximately 35 million metric tons per annum. In addition to power generation, small quantities of brown coal are used for briquette manufacture and char production. 

Coals Two samples of dried (105 C, under N2) Victorian brown coals from the Morwell seam were used in these experiments, viz., Drum 66 (1976 loot bulk sample) and Drum 289 (1979 100t bulk sample). The chemical characteristics of the coals on a weight per cent dmmf basis are as follows Drum 66, C, 69.3 H, 5.0 0 (by diff.) 24.5 N, 0.6 S, 0.6. Acidic 0, 9.7 mol kg dmmf coal, non-acidlc 0,... 

Gas and Fuel Corporation Morwell, Australia 1956 Town gas Brown coal briquets 22 6 X... 

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