Morphology shape control

Of critical importance in the development of DPI products is the evaluation, optimization, and control of flow and dispersion (deaggregation) characteristics of the formulation. These typically consist of drug blended with a carrier (e.g., lactose). The properties of these blends are a function of the principal adhesive forces that exist between particles, including van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, and the surface tension of adsorbed liquid layers [7], These forces are influenced by several fundamental physicochemical properties, including particle density and size distribution, particle morphology (shape, habit, surface texture), and surface composition (including adsorbed moisture) [8]. In addition,... 

There is also an interest in application of synthetic fibers. Two directions are common surface modification and development of fibers with special morphology. The controlled composition of synthetic fibers gives opportunities to regulate their surface properties to meet specific requirements giving the product formulator new tools to make product improvement. Synthetic fibers can be produced in variety of shapes and sizes which can be tailored to specific applications in new products. Ultra small fibers, some hollow, with a wide variety of surface morphologies can be produced economically to meet specific requirements of a wide variety of high technology products. 

In immiscible blends, the properties are related to the interface as well as to the size and shape of the dispersed phase. The morphology is controlled by the equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics as well as by the flow. As discussed in Part 7.1.2.2, at equilibrium and within the region of low volume fraction of dispersed phase, (() < = 0.16, droplets are expected, while at... 

Semiconducting nanorods and nanowires were synthesized by y-irradiation at room temperature and the atmospheric pressure. The experiment was carried out in ethylenediamine and pyridine as solvents. Ethylenediamine (en) and pyridine (py) molecules were coordinated with metal ions and had an effect on the shape like nanorods and nanowires (Jo et al. 2006). Semiconducting nanorod and pearl necklace-like nanowire of CdS and CdSe were successfully synthesized by irradiation with a dose of 90 kGy at room temperature and the atmospheric pressure. When nanorods and nanowires were prepared in en and py, the solvent molecules controlled their morphology. From XRD data, the synthesized CdS and CdSe could be observed on the information of crystallinity of them. In nanorod CdS and CdSe, the intensity of the (0 0 2) diffraction peak was extraordinarily strong. This result indicates that the CdS obtained in py have a preferential [0 0 1] orientation. TEM images displayed rod and pearl necklace like morphology with diameters of several nanometers and lengths of upto several microns. For the shape control, en and py were successfully used to replace the surfactant molecules on the surface of nanoparticles. 

Scotti, R., Conzatti, L., D Arienzo, M., Di Ctedico, B., Giannini, L., Hand, T., Stagnaro, P., Susanna, A., Tadiello, L., Morazzoni, F. Shape controlled spherical (OD) and rod-Uke (ID) silica nanoparticles in silica/styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites role of the particle morphology on the fillta- reinfradng effect. Polymer 55, 1497-1506 (2014)... 

This mechanism highlights (i) the possibility of reactant breakdown in the gas phase, (ii) the interaction of either the reactant (pathway i) or reactant fragments (pathway ii) with the catalyst particle, and (iii) the C-C bond-forming steps on the catalyst surface. However, little is known about (iii) above. An understanding of these processes of C-C bond formation on the metal catalyst will allow eventual control of the morphology (shape/size) of the carbon materials produced. 

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