Styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Du et al. (50) reported the synthesis of butadiene styrene rubber nanocomposites with halloysite nanotubes. The tensile properties of the composites containing various amounts of nanotubes are depicted in Table 2.2. The tensile properties were observed to significantly increase as a function of increasing amount of nanotubes in the composites. For the maximum loading of the nanotubes, a tensile modulus of 5.56 MPa was observed as compared to 1.52 MPa for the pure polymer. 

Table 2.2. Mechanical properties of butadiene styrene rubber nanocomposites with halloysite nanotubes...

Rybinski, P., Janowska, G., Jozwiak, M., Pajak, A. Thermal stabiUty and flammability of butadiene-styrene rubber nanocomposites. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 109, 561-571 (2012)... 

FIGURE 6.8 The dependences of reduced elasticity modulus on load on indentor for nanocomposites on the basis of butadiene—styrene rubber, (a) filled with technical carbon, (b) micro, and (c) nanoshungite. 

The experimental analysis of particulate-filled nanocomposites butadiene-styrene rubber/fullerene-containing mineral (nanoshungite) was fulfilled with the aid of force-atomic microscopy, nanoindentation methods and computer treatment. The theoretical analysis was carried out within the fiameworks of fractal analysis. It has been shown that interfacial regions in the mentioned nanocomposites are the same reinforcing element as nano-filler actually. The conditions of the transition from nano- to microsystems were discussed. The fractal analysis of nanoshungite particles aggregation in polymer matrix was performed. In has been shown that reinforcement of the studied nanocomposites is a true nanoeffect. 

FIGURE 6.1 The processed in SPIP image of nanocomposite butadiene-styrene rubber/ nanoshimgite, obtained by force modulation method, and mechanical characteristics of structural components according to the data of nano-indentation (strain 150 mn). 

In 2012 Rybinski et al., reported the study of butadiene-styrene-rubber (SBR) nanocomposite with montmorillonite, found that the nanofiUers used do not explicitly influence in the thermal stability of the nanocomposite but they decrease the thermal decomposition rate of these material under thermo-oxidative conditions [89]. 

The present paper purpose is dimension estimation, both experimentally and theoretically, and checking two indicated above conditions fulfillment, i.e. obtaining of nanofiller particles (aggregates of particles) network ( chains ) Ifactality strict proof in elastomeric nanocomposites on the example of particulate-filled butadiene-styrene rubber. 

The elastomeric particulate-filled nanocomposite on the basis of butadiene-styrene rubber was an object of the study. Mineral shungite nanodimensional and microdimensional particles and also industrially produced technical carbon with mass contents of 37 mass % were used as a filler. The analysis of the received in milling process shungite particles were monitored with the aid of analytical disk centrifuge (CPS Instruments,... 

As it is well known [1] that the interlacial interaction role in multiphase systems, including polymer composites, is very great. In polymer composites such interactions (interfacial adhesion) absence results in sharp reduction of their reinforcement degree [2]. For polymer nanocomposites interfacial adhesion existence in the first place means the formation of interfacial regions, which are the same reinforcing element for these materials, as nanofiller actually [3], Proceeding from the said above, it is necessary to know the conditions and mechanisms of interfacial regions formation in polymer nanocomposites for their structure control. The present paper purpose is these mechanism definition and the indicated researeh is performed on the example of three particulate-filled nanocomposites on the basis of butadiene-styrene rubber. 

Du M, Guo B, Lei Y, Liu M, Jia D (2008) Carboxylated butadiene-styrene rubber/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites interfacial interaction and performance. Polymer 49(22) 4871-4876 Feng L, Chen Z (2008) Research progress on dissolution and functional modification of cellulose in ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 142(1-3) 1-5... 

Styrene-butadiene copolymers are extremely important to the rubber industry. They are particularly important in tire manufacture. Styrene-butadiene polymer is produced by emulsion polymerization and solution polymerization. Most of the volume is by emulsion polymerization. This affords the opportunity to prepare polymer nanocomposites by several avenues. One can blend an aqueous dispersion of the nanoparticles with the styrene-butadiene latex before flocculation to produce the rubber crumb, disperse an organically treated nanoparticle in the styrene-butadiene solution polymer before the solvent is stripped from the polymer, disperse the organically treated nanoparticles into the monomers, or prepare the rubber nanocomposite in the traditional compounding approach. One finds all of these approaches in the literature. One also finds functional modifications of the styrene-butadiene polymer in the literature designed to improve the efficiency of the dispersion and interaction of the nanoparticles with the polymer. 

Parker et al. [49] altered the stabilization mechanism for styrene-butadiene latex prepared by emulsion polymerization from anionic to cationic so that they could get a spontaneous flocculation with aqueous montmorillonite slurry and the latex. Evaluation of the rubber nanocomposite prepared in this manner gave dramatic increases in modulus, strength, percent elongation, and decrease in hysteresis. 

Only limited success has been achieved in compounding organomontmoriUonites with styrene—butadiene rubber to prepare rubber nanocomposites [51], Knudson et al. [51] discovered that flocculation of the aqueous blend of styrene-butadiene latex and montmorOlrMiite gives an exfoliated clay-rubber nanocomposite. The approach offers the most convenient and effective method for the preparation of clay-styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. 

Wang et al. [60] utUized positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to measure the polymer free volume in mont-morillonite-styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. There was an apparent reduction of the free volume of the polymer in the nanocomposite. The authors speculated that the reduction was primarily at the clay surface. This information is consistent with the crosslink density results reported above. 

Molesa et al. [61] compared compounded styrene-butadiene nanocomposites with polymer nanocomposites that were prepared by blending the latex with an aqueous dispersion of the montmoriUonite. The loading of the dispersed phase was at 10 phr. The initial results are consistent with the information found above. The flocculated rubber nanocomposite from the aqueous blend has superior strength properties when vulcanized and compared with the rubber nanocomposite prepared by compounding. MontmoriUonite that was organically treated demonstrated superior tensile strength when compared with rubber compounded with sUica. 

Ganter et al. [62], utUized a synthetic layered fluorohec-torite silicate and organomontmorillonite to evaluate the role of functional rubber exchanged onto the synthetic clay in the preparation of styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites. The functional rubber that was exchanged onto the fluorohectorite was amino-terminated polybutadiene. The styrene-butadiene was dispersed in solvent and then dis-... 

Zhang et al. [63] prepared styrene-butadiene nanocomposites by dispersing an aqueous dispersion of montmoril-lonite and latex and flocculating the dispersion with acid. The performance of the rubber nanocomposites were compared with clay, carbon black, and silica rubber composites prepared by standard compotmding methods. The montmoriUonite loadings for the rubber nanocomposite were up to 60 phr. The morphology of the rubber nanocomposites by transmission electron microscopy appears to indicate intercalated structures. The mechanical properties of the rubber nanocomposites were superior to all of the other additives up to about 30 phr. However, rebound resistance was inferior to all of the additives except sUica. The state of cure was not evaluated. 

Nanocomposites with silica nanoparticles have been prepared in poly-dimethylsiloxanes, butadiene, styrene-butadiene, acrylonitrile-butadiene, acrylic and ethylene-propylene diene rubber. Nanocomposites in isoprene rubbers are here examined. In a nutshell, these nanocomposites were prepared adopting the three methods summarized above and nano-silica was reported to promote the mechanical reinforcement of poly (isoprene) matrices, less that CB but more than conventional silica, with lower viscosity. 

Scotti, R., Conzatti, L., D Arienzo, M., Di Ctedico, B., Giannini, L., Hand, T., Stagnaro, P., Susanna, A., Tadiello, L., Morazzoni, F. Shape controlled spherical (OD) and rod-Uke (ID) silica nanoparticles in silica/styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites role of the particle morphology on the fillta- reinfradng effect. Polymer 55, 1497-1506 (2014)... 

On the other hand Abdallah et al. [22] showed that bentonites modified by alkyl and aryl based phosphonium salts in poly(ethylene terephthalate) exhibited better dispersion than those unmodified. In 2010 Gu [23] showed that montmorillonite modified Octadecylammonium improves dispersion in namral rubber/butadiene rubber nanocomposites. Have also been studied in terms of particle size of styrene-butadiene mbber (SBR) nanocomposites showed remarkable improvement in thermal stability their compared to that of the pure SBR. Was also demonstrated that the increase in particle size is not beneficial in improving the thermal stability [5]. 

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