Morphology of particles

Figure 3 and 4 show SEM images for the surface of anode catalyst and the cross section of ESC (NiO-YSZ-CeOa I YSZ I (LaSr)Mn03), respectively. The micro structure of the catalyst electrode was characterized by SEM (Hitachi Co., S-4200). The morphology of particles over Ni0-YSZ-Ce02 was uniformly distributed. 

Environmental impact. Contamination by fallout from downwind transport of emitted particulate matter from the oil-shale power stations has been demonstrated throughout northeastern Estonia, as far as c. 140 km northwards to Finland and as far as 100 km to the southwest within Estonia (Jalkanen et aL 2000). Indeed, Teinemaa et al. (2002) and Jalkanen et aL (2000) examined the morphology of particles in power station fly ash (see Fig. 9) and found similarities in structure, size and chemical composition of particles collected from moss surfaces in northeastern Estonia and southeastern Finland. Although the emissions of SO2 and NOx from the BPP and EPP are generally similar to, or lower than, those from conventional... 

In most practical uses of polymeric particles, their surfaces play a very important role by taking part in interfacial interactions such as recognition, adsorption, catalytic reactions, etc. When we want to use polymer particles, we first check whether the chemical and physical structures of the surfaces meet the purpose. If some of them do not satisfy the criteria, we may seek other particles or try to modify the existing particles. This chapter mainly deals with the modification of surface of existing particles. In addition to chemical modification of particle surfaces, modification of the morphology of particles is also described. 

Electron Microscopy. Electron microscopy is one of the most important physical methods for the characterization of finely divided solids. It allows direct viewing of the shape and morphology of particles in this order of magnitude, primary particle size, particle size distribution, and aggregation. 

One should note, that in a real industrial process there are de-pressurization processes accompanied by fast intra-particle pressure drop, and the morphology of particles might be changed by stress created by fastly evaporating liquid gases stored in the pores and sorbed by the polymer. 

Roberson, H.E., Weir, A.H. and Woods, R.D., 1968. Morphology of particles in size-fractionated Na-montmorillonites. Clays Clay Miner., 16 239-247. 

From the process-design perspective the versatility of applications of PVC demands a precise adjustment of material properties to quality requirements, which are for the most part determined during the polymerization stage, namely by molecular-weight distribution (MWD) and the morphology of particles. 

Morphology of particles of an initial alloy and hydrogenation products was investigated on electronic focused beam microscope MREM-100. 

Lapteva, Ekaterina, Yusupov, Talgat, and Berger, Anna, Physical-chemical Changes of Layered Silicates in the Process of Mechanical Activation. Novosibirsk Nauka. 1981. Juhasz, A. and Opoczky, L., Mechanical Activation of Minerals by Grinding Pulverizing and Morphology of Particles. London Ellis Horwood, 1990. 

Juhasz, A. and Opoczky, L., Mechanical Activation of Minerals by Grinding Pulverizing and Morphology of Particles. Budapest Akad. Kiado, 1990. 

The morphology of particles is an important characteristic that can seriously affect powder handling and end-use properties. Off-line techniques are often not suitable for monitoring industrial processes since extracting the particles from the process can alter their shape, e.g. particles taken from a crystallizer may fracture or aggregate. 

The reinforcement of rubber by the presence of active fillers is a complex phenomenon that depends on the characteristics of the elastomer network and the properties of the fillers. The influential properties are the particle size, the morphology of particle aggregates, and the surface properties. The role of the geometrical characteristics of the tiller is well understood, whereas the significance of the surface properties is more difficult to analyze. This situation stems essentially from the lack of adequate methods to analyze the surface of such small particles and from the fact that fillers differ from each other and need to be considered individually. 

Heat Transfer Units and Morphology of Particles in Spray Drying... 

Table 2 Qualitative Description of the Effect of Different Process Parameters on the Size and Morphology of Particles Obtained by Antisolvent Precipitation "...

Perrut M, Jung J, Leboeuf F. Solid state morphology of particles prepared by a supercritical fluid process. In Bertucco A ed. High Pressure in Venice. Chemical Engineering Transactions. Vol 2. Milan AIDIC, 2002 711-716. 

The third major class of analytical techniques may be called morphological methods. This identification consists of comparing the form of particles captured with the morphology of particles of known composition. It goes without saying that morphological similarity is a necessary but not always sufficient condition for compositional identity. In spite of this problem this procedure is widely employed mainly in clean atmosphere, since even Aitken size particles can be identified morphologically (A. Meszaros and Vissy, 1974 Butor, 1976). 

This preliminary study focuses on the ability of organic compounds such as polyols to tune size and morphology of boehmite nanoparticles by aluminium precipitation in aqueous medium. Results show a notable effect of both the synthesis pH and the carbon chain length of polyols, ie C4 and C5, on the size of particles and their thickness to width ratio. The specific surface area can be increased up to 382 m. g In addition, the morphology of particles is modified by C5 polyol. 

Flow rate is the main parameter affecting the size and morphology of particles. Several studies have shown that the particle diameter can be controlled by flow rate and electrical conductivity. Ganan-Calvo proposed a theoretical model that reasonably agrees with the experimental results ... 

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